线粒体

Electron micrograph showed us that hepatocytes were damaged seriously along with the prolonged NHBD time in A group. At the NHBD 120 and 150min in A group, hepatocytes showed numerous cytoplasmic vacuoles and lysosomes, round swollen mitochondria with clear matrix and rough endoplasmic reticula which was not in a stacked arrangement.

电镜发现，A组随着心跳停搏时间的延长，肝细胞的损伤逐渐加重，至120和150min时，肝细胞内可出现大量空泡和溶酶体，线粒体和粗面内质网结构也遭到破坏，但未出现明显的坏死和凋亡改变。

Results: The cultured chondrocytes were polygonal cells. There were many rough endoplasmic reticula and mitochondria in cytoplasm, and a lot of secretory vesicles under cell membrane and in the cytoplasm. When cultured for 10 days, some small and white nodules were formed on the bottom of the culture dished, and volcanic-mouth-like structures were formed when cultured for 20 days. Both these nodules and structures contained GAG-positive substances were demonstrated by safranine-O staining.

结果：体外培养的软骨细胞为多角形，透射电镜下见胞浆内有丰富的粗面内质网系统及线粒体，胞膜下及胞浆中有较多分泌泡；连续培养10天时，培养瓶底部出现肉眼可见的白色结节，蕃红-O染色显示白色结节含大量氨基葡聚糖阳性物质，20天时形成火山口样结构，也被蕃红-O染成深红色。

The primary culture chondrocytes were round or polygonal shape, half of the 4th generation turned to spindle shape, most of the 6th passage were long spindle shape; The rough endoplasmic reticula and the mitochondrial were rich and well developed, the ability of proliferation of the 3th generation were stronger than the first one, while the 5th generation was weaker.

原代软骨细胞呈圆形或多角形，第4代有一半变成梭形，第5代绝大部分变为长梭形；原代软骨细胞胞浆内粗面内质网和线粒体丰富，第3代软骨细胞生长增殖能力强于原代，第5代增殖能力明显减弱。

RESULTS: Neuronal degeneration and necrosis, mitochondria swelling, polyribosomes disaggregation from endoplasmic reticula, and golgiosomes dilation in the hippocampal CA1 area in the two FDP intervention groups were less severe compared with the control group.

结果：果糖干预组在神经元变性坏死、线粒体肿胀、内质网脱颗粒及高尔基体扩张等方面较FS组减轻，差异有显著性。

Fig 4 Few of rough endoplasmic reticula, mitochondrid and co llagen can be seen in the cytoplasm of fibroblast, the ribosome of rER is degran ulated, the nucleous is abnormal, there are a lot of granule (maybe the antisens e oligodeoxynucleotide) in the cytoplasm TEM×5200

图4反义核酸组的瘢痕成纤维细胞粗面内质网较少、有脱颗粒现象，线粒体少，胞核畸形，胞内有吞噬颗粒，细胞周围胶原纤维较少TEM×5200

A lot of organelles such as mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticula and Golgi bodies were observed in fiber cell. Then, double karyotheca disappeared, and the organelles disintegrated. Multivesicular bodies appeared in fiber cytoplasm. With the further development of fiber, fiber wall underwent continual thickening with aging, and polylaminate structure gradually appeared. While the agglutinated nucleus, transfer vesicles, plasma membrane and plasmodesmata still presented.

研究发现，次生壁形成早期，细胞核具有双层核膜，染色质凝聚，可见大量的线粒体、粗面内质网和高尔基体等细胞器存在于纤维细胞中；随后，双层核膜消失，细胞器将逐渐解体，多泡体开始出现在纤维细胞的细胞质；随着年龄的增加，纤维细胞壁逐渐增厚，并出现多层结构现象，而运输小泡、细胞膜、胞间连丝和凝聚的染色质将持续存在。

Electronic microscopic observations showed that the swollen mitochondria with cristae blurred appeared in some pyramidal cells. Some pyramidal cells showed degenerative changes with some disappeared endoplastic reticula and ribose nuclear protein and increased lysosomes. The amount of extends endothelial projections going to the lumen of capillaries were increased.

同时伴有超微结构的改变，如神经细胞线粒体肿胀，内质网扩张，染色质凝集成块状，毛细血管外间隙扩大，髓鞘变性坏死，微管排列紊乱，小胶质细胞有吞噬变性坏死的神经纤维成分等。

Genes （between 60,000 and 100,000 in humans） are carried by the chromosomes （rodlike structures in the cell nuclei） and mitochondria （circular structures in cell cytoplasm present in multiple copies）.

基因（人类有6万~10万条）由染色体和线粒体（存在于细胞质中的多个环形结构）携带。

Genes （between 60,000 and 100,000 in huma ） are carried by the chromosomes （rodlike structures in the cell nuclei） and mitochondria （circular structures in cell cytoplasm present in multiple copies）.

基因（人类有6万~10万条）由染色体和线粒体（存在于细胞质中的多个环形结构）携带。

When Tr rosed to ＞42℃, RCR and P/O ratio decreased by 31.4%and 11.05%(P＜0.05) respectively.RCR decrease resulted mainly from the effect of respiratory state Ⅳ.

结果：热应激大鼠心肌线粒体呼吸控制率(respiratory control ratio， RCR)及氧化磷酸化效率均随动物直肠温度的升高逐步显著降低，当大鼠直肠温度超过42℃时，RCR与P/O分别较对照下降31.4%，11.05%。

I can not make it blossom and suits me

我不能让树为我开花

When temperatures are above approximately 80 °C discolouration of the raceways or rolling elements is a frequent feature.

当温度高于 80 °C 左右时，滚道或滚动元件褪色是很常见的特征。