线粒体

The mitochondrial pathway is characterized bythe loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential and release of cytochrome c.

线粒体途径的特点在于线粒体跨膜电位的去极化和细胞色素C的释放。

Fig 1 Normal hepatocyte:glycogen particles aggregated,mitochondrialcristae clear,endoplasmic reticulum abundant ×10500;and no Ce-H2O2 precipitation ×10 500;Fig 3 1 h after Cd-injection:ER dilatant,ribosomes mostly dislodged,mitochondria slightly swollen,small amount of Ce-H2O2 precipitation

图1 正常肝细胞：糖原颗粒聚集，粗面内质网丰富，线粒体嵴清晰×10 500；图2 染镉后30分钟：肝细胞结构正常，未见Ce的沉积×10 500；图3 染镉后1小时：ER扩张，核糖体已大部脱落，线粒体轻度肿胀；可见少量

However, the conflicting findings exist between the Diptera and Lepidoptera on the cytochrome C release from the mitochondria to cytosol –important event in mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis signaling pathway.

但线粒体介导细胞凋亡信号转导途径中最终重要的事件-——细胞色素C从线粒体的释放，在双翅目昆虫和鳞翅目昆虫之间存在相互矛盾的研究结果。

The middle and small breed dogs were clustered at first; German Sheepdog, Swedish Elkhound, and Black Russian Terrier were clustered into one group, and the Tibetan Mastiff, Old English Sheepdog, Leonberger, and Saint Bernard were clustered in another group.

本文根据家犬线粒体基因组DNA序列设计引物，获得了2，525bp的藏獒线粒体DNA序列（包括细胞色素b、tRNA-Thr、tRNA-Pro和控制区全序列），并以灰狼、郊狼作为外类群对藏獒、12个家犬品种进行了系统发育分析。

In my experimentⅠcompare the purposes of different combinations of endoenzyme(MseⅠ-HindⅢ, MseⅠ-PstⅠ, MseⅠ-EcoRⅠ) and find that MseⅠ-HindⅢeasily finds thepolymorphism by primers combinations suiTab for AFLP analysis.And by means of this there aremany polymorphism strips. So the double endoenzyme of AFLP was exercisedfor the analysis of soybean cytoplasmic male sterility.In the cource of my experiment, 64 primerpairs of MseⅠand HindⅢwere exerted to analyse the twe mtDNA pools which are made ofsterilities and holdings and the polymorphisms of sterilities and holdings.

运用扩增片段长度多态性的方法，对独特的杂交大豆试材进行分析研究，通过比较MseⅠ-HindⅢ、MseⅠ-PstⅠ、MseⅠ-EcoRⅠ不同酶切组合的效果，结果表明MseⅠ-HindⅢ较容易找到多态性引物组合，而且具有较高的多态性，本试验选用MseⅠ-HindⅢ进行双酶切大豆线粒体DNA从而完成AFLP的分析工作，试验用64对MseⅠ和HindⅢ引物对两个不育系及保持系材料的线粒体DNA制成的pool进行AFLP标记分析，分析了不育系与保持系之间的多态性； 4。

In addition, the mitochondria showed no signs of swelling and the nuclear membrane remains intact. Multiple membrane-bound apoptotic bodies and engulfment of cell debris and corpses by phagocytes were observed at 24h, while extensive cell loss appeared at 48h. These results demonstrated the occurrence of high level of apoptosis by 24h postdosing.

相应的超薄切片在电子显微镜下得到结果与光镜下一致，24h前线粒体形态结构无明显变化，主要有染色质浓缩、边集及分割，以及内质网空泡化和凋亡小体的形成；24h后可观察到线粒体的肿胀和扩张，细胞发生崩解和死亡。

Results: electronic microscope showed that in prednisone group heterochromatin increased in some cells, entoblast was not obvious in some cells, fat drops were small and few, mitochondria vacuole were common, and myelin figure was found in smooth endoplamic reticulum. the ultrastructure in yc group was almost normal and megamitochondrion formation was common. a large amount of fat drops were found in cytoplasm in gw group and little improvement was found compared with that in prednisone group.

结果： 电镜结果显示：激素组个别细胞异染色质增多，核仁不明显，脂滴显著变小变少，线粒体空泡化常见，有滑面内质网髓鞘样结构形成；养阴组电镜结构基本正常，其特征是细胞内有较多的巨大线粒体形成；桂附组较激素组改善不明显，其特征是胞质内可见大量脂滴。

This research toke the upland cotton cytoplasmic male-sterile line P30A etiolation seedling as the material. Reference rice, maize and other crops'mitochondrial DNA bacterial artificial chromosome library construction methods, and unifies cotton itself to include the gossipol, tannin easily to oxidize materials'particularity, established a high quality mitochondrial DNA's BAC library system.

本研究以陆地棉细胞质雄性不育系P30A的黄化苗为材料，参考水稻、玉米等主要农作物线粒体基因组细菌人工染色体文库的构建方法，并结合棉花本身含有棉酚、单宁等易氧化物质的特殊性，建立了一套构建高质量线粒体基因组BAC文库的体系。

The neuron apoptotic cells were observed by their fragmented nuclei condensed chromatin, fragmented or condensed cytoplasm and floccule of mitochondrion in the control group after ischemia 90 min/ reperfusion 12 h; whereas the distribution of chromatin was well-proportioned, and normal mitochondrion and other organelle were observed in the Ginkgo Biloba Extract-treated group.

对照组缺血90 min再灌注12 h鼠脑组织电镜检查可见神经元细胞核染色质边聚，呈团块状，线粒体可见絮状结构改变；相同时限药物治疗组脑组织神经元细胞核染色质分布比较均匀，胞质内线粒体及其它细胞器基本正常。

The haplotype diversity index of of Bronze gudgeon in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River was 0.6071,which revealed a lower genetic diversity in mtDNA.

长江下游铜鱼线粒体DNA单倍型多样性指数为0.6071，线粒体DNA遗传多样性较低。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。