线粒体

They all contain 13 protein coding gene,2 rRNA gene,22 tRNA gene and 1 D-Loop.The base composition for the four nucleotides is A-32.0%,C-27.6%,G-14.7%,T-25.8%,And it is A-32.5%,C-26.9%,G-14.1%,T-26.5%for Yellow-throated Marten.But there are some definite differences in base composition,the using of Initiation codon and Stop codon,and the mode of repeat sequences in control region.The codon usages of Manes have bias,and the ttiird locations of codon of protein-coding genes have the higher frequency in using A and C.There may be some relativity with the content of A and C in D-loop,namely,it has relation with the mode of repeat sequences.The complete mitochondrial genome of the Sable and Yellow-throated Marten were submitted to GenBank,and the accession number are FJ429093 and FJ719367 respectively.3、The complete mitochondrial genome of 6 other species of Mustelidae from GenBank and some sequences of D-loop from the 6 species were aligned.

分析紫貂大兴安岭亚种、长白山亚种、阿尔泰亚种和北欧亚种间的基因流及进化历史得知：大兴安岭种群与新疆种群和长白山种群间的基因流水平最高(Nm=0.1260和0.1427)，新疆与长白山种群间最低Nm=0.0053紫貂种群在进化过程中可能发生过种群膨胀，经历过种群增长过程。2、对紫貂和黄喉貂的线粒体全基因组结构进行分析发现：全长分别为16 523bp和16549bp，均包含13个蛋白质编码基因、2个rRNA基因、22个tRNA基因和1个非编码序列区(D-Loop区，紫貂全序列中碱基组成为A-32.0%，C-27.6%，G-14.7%，T-25.8%，黄喉貂为A-32.5%，C-26.9%，G-14.1%，T-26.5%；基因排列顺序与日本貂和貂熊的一致，但碱基组成、起始密码子和终止密码子的使用及控制区中串联重复序列模式等均存在一定差异。

The cell vacuolar degeneration, membrane structural necrosis, mitochondrin edema, mitochondrin vacuolar degeneration and lysosome myelinization were found in the endothelial cells.

1胞核内也可见纳米细菌，细胞空泡变，膜性结构类似坏死，部分线粒体水肿，空泡变，溶酶体呈现髓鞘图像。

There were nanobacteria in the nucleus and intracellar and extracellar endothelial cells under transmission electron microscopy after co-culture. The cell vacuolar degeneration, membrane structural necrosis, mitochondrin edema, mitochondrin vacuolar degeneration and lysosome myelinization were found in the endothelial cells.

混合培养后的内皮细胞透射电镜观察见细胞间、细胞内均有纳米细菌存在，细胞核内也可见纳米细菌，细胞空泡变，膜性结构类似坏死，部分线粒体水肿，空泡变，溶酶体呈现髓鞘图像。

Atrial anatomical remodeling, consisting of proliferation of connective tissue and mitochondria, myolysis and glycogen accumulation, could be induced by chronic AF. These changes may contribute to relapse of AF and atrial stunning after conversion of AF to sinus rhythm.

慢性AF能使心房组织发生纤维结缔组织增生、肌纤维溶解、线粒体增生、糖元累积等解剖重构变化，这些改变可能在AF终止后心房顿抑的发生和AF的自身维持中起作用。

2Myocardial ultrastructure was normal in the control group,myoneme arranged disordered,the structure of typical sarcomere disappeared, mitochondrium intumesced,interstitial substance fiber hyperplasy,capillary vessel endothelial cell swelled in DG group.Myocardial ultrastructure improved slightly in rats of SM and LM groups. 3NF-κB p65 and COX-2 had a small quantity to present in the myocardium tissue of control group,while the quantity increased obviously in the diabetic group.The level of it in the group of treatment was significant lower than that in the diabetic group.There was significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion Metformin can protect against the heart injury in diabetic.

结果 1与对照组比较，DG组体重明显减轻，血糖、心脏质量指数、INS、TG、T-CH及FFA明显升高(P＜0.01)；应用 MT治疗后体重无明显增加，INS有所下降，心脏质量指数、血糖、TG及FFA明显降低(P＜0.01)；DG组心肌组织MDA明显升高，SOD明显降低(P＜0.01)，MT治疗后上述指标明显改善；2超微结构观察单纯糖尿病组肌丝结构明显紊乱，典型肌小节结构消失，线粒体肿胀、间质纤维增生，微血管内皮细胞肿胀等表现，而SM及LM组可见组织结构有所改善；3对照组心肌NF-κB p65及COX-2只有少量表达，单纯糖尿病组表达量明显增多(P＜0.01)，MT治疗后表达量明显减少(P＜0.01)。

This thesis includes three chapters: Chapter 1: Recent progress on myriapoda mitochondrial genome and genetic variation analysis of Otostigmus O.

本论文包括三部分：第一章：多足动物线粒体基因组和地理种群遗传变异分析的研究进展。

This thesis includes three chapters: Chapter 1: Recent progress on myriapoda mitochondrial genome and genetic variation analysis of Otostigmns O.

本论文包括三部分：第一章：多足动物线粒体基因组和地理种群遗传变异分析的研究进展。

For atpB, maximum parsimony analyses suggested that Myricaceae are sister to all other core "higher" hamamelids.

2基于线粒体matR基因序列的分析除南青冈科作为其他所有壳斗目类群的姐妹群得到强支持外，其余的壳斗目的科间系统发育关系都未得到很好的分辨。

OBJECTIVE ①To compare the sequences of the ribosomal rDNA-ITS2, 28S-D3 and mitochondrial mtDNA-COII in the different origins of Anopheles minimus for detecting the intra-and inter-specific variation of the sibling species of the Minimus Complex;②To reconstruct phylogenetic trees of the Minimus Complex and Myzomyia Series for determining the position of An.

目的 ①比较微小按蚊核糖体rDNA-ITS2、28S-D3基因和线粒体mtDNA-COII基因的序列差异，阐明微小按蚊复合体亲缘种种间和种内变异；②根据基因变异重建微小按蚊复合体及迈蚊系成员的种系发生关系，以确立微小按蚊亲缘种变异的种系地位；③建立微小按蚊复合体亲缘种A和C的分子鉴别方法。

OBJECTIVE ①To compare the sequences of the ribosomal rDNA-ITS2, 28S-D3 and mitochondrial mtDNA-COII in the different origins of Anopheles minimus for detecting the intra-and inter-specific variation of the sibling species of the Minimus Complex;②To reconstruct phylogenetic trees of the Minimus Complex and Myzomyia Series for determining the position of An. minimus A and C;③To establish specific methods for differentiation of two sibling species, An. minimus A and An. minimus C, of the Minimus Complex.

中文题名微小按蚊种群变异与分子鉴别研究副题名外文题名论文作者周水森导师汤林华研究员学科专业分子流行病学研究领域\研究方向学位级别博士学位授予单位中国预防医学科学院学位授予日期2002 论文页码总数98页关键词蚊微小按蚊馆藏号BSLW /2003 /R384 /3 目的①比较微小按蚊核糖体rDNA-ITS2、28S-D3基因和线粒体mtDNA-COII基因的序列差异，阐明微小按蚊复合体亲缘种种间和种内变异；②根据基因变异重建微小按蚊复合体及迈蚊系成员的种系发生关系，以确立微小按蚊亲缘种变异的种系地位；③建立微小按蚊复合体亲缘种A和C的分子鉴别方法。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。