线粒体

In order to study the mechanism of V-type CMS wheat, a set of near isogenic lines of restoring gene to wheat V-CMS were used as materials, the mtRNAs of male sterile line, maintainer line and F1 hybrid were compared by cDNA-RAPD method.

为了研究V型细胞质雄性不育小麦的不育机理，以V型细胞质雄性不育小麦的一套近等基因系为材料，利用cDNA-RAPD方法对不育系、保持系和杂种F1线粒体RNA进行了比较分析。

Broccoli ; isothiocyanates ; apoptosis ; reactive oxygen species ; mitochondrial transmembrane potential

西兰花；异硫氰酸盐；细胞凋亡；活性氧；线粒体膜电位

White fat, or white adipose tissue, is the jiggly stuff that stores spare energy from food. By contrast, brown adipose tissue consumes energy to generate body heat. The tissue teems with mitochondria that metabolize food, hence its color.

白色脂肪组织用来贮存消化吸收而来的多余能量，而褐色脂肪组织则消耗能量来产生热量，它内部充满着大量的线粒体，因此看上去是褐色的。

mitochondrial dnais the only inheritant substance except for the nuclear dna in a euˉkaryon cell,which is related to the oxidative phosphorylation of a cell.mitochondrial dna is the important target of carcinogens and is vulnerable because of its structure and function.the mutation of mtdna could reduce the nomal respitation and release large quantities of ros,whichincrease the danger of cancer happening.so,mtdna has been thought to be involved in carcinogenesis and recently more and more studies in this aspect have comeout.in this paˉper,we review the researches for relationship among mtdna mutation and tumors in digestion system,woman system,head and neck,urinary systemand blood system.

线粒体dna（mitochondrial dna，mt dna）是真核细胞中唯一存在的独立于核dna之外的遗传物质，与细胞的氧化磷酸化功能密切相关。mtdna自身的结构和功能特点决定了它是致癌物作用的重要靶点，易受致癌因素的损伤而发生突变。mtdna的突变可削弱正常的呼吸功能，释放高水平的活性氧，进而增加肿瘤发生的危险性，所以mtdna被认为与肿瘤发生有密切关系。近年来，这方面的研究越来越多，本文现就mtdna突变与消化系统肿瘤、妇科肿瘤、头颈部肿瘤、泌尿系统肿瘤等实体瘤以及血液系统恶性肿瘤之间的关系作一简单的综述。

Tumor mass could express CD133 and nestin. The karyoplasmic ratio of CD133+ brain glioma stem cells reached 2/3-3/4, and there were a few processes, a few organelles and a plenty of ribosome. These were accorded with the characteristics of stem cells.

肿瘤球能同时表达干细胞标志物CD133和巢蛋白，CD133+脑胶质瘤干细胞核浆比例达2/3~3/4，突起少，胞浆中线粒体等细胞器较少，核糖体丰富，未见胶质丝等分化结构，符合干细胞超微结构特点。

TEM observation showed that there was high degree of edema in hippocampal neurons, karyopyknosis or collapse, and mitochondrial swelling.

透射电镜观察，海马神经元高度水肿，核固缩或崩解，线粒体肿胀。

Results: When the concentrations of artemisinin were 1×10^(-4), 1×10^(-5) and 1×10^(-6)mol/L, the growth of cells was inhibited remarkably in a dose-dependent manner. Fluorescence staining showed obvious apoptosis, such as karyopyknosis and agglutination. RT-PCR assay shows the expression of Caspase-3. Artemisinin could lead to the decrease of mitochondrial cytochrome c concentration, which in turn lead to the increase of cytoplasmic cytochrome c concentration.

结果：青蒿素的浓度为1×10^(-4)，1×10^(-5)，1×10^(-6)mol/L时，细胞生长受到显著抑制，并呈剂量依赖性；Hoechst33342/PI双荧光染色可观察到明显的核浓缩、凝集等细胞凋亡表现；RT-PCR检测到Caspase-3的表达；Western-blot检测1×10^(-5)mol/L药物处理细胞后线粒体细胞色素C表达水平下调，细胞浆出现明显细胞色素C蛋白条带。

Results There existed decreasing learning and memory function, increasing MAO-B activity from the cortex, hippocampus, and strium, elevating brain iron and aluminum levels with diminishing ferritin level, and karyopyknosis as well as neuron loss of hippocampus in the model mice.

结果 模型组小鼠学习记忆能力明显下降，大脑皮层、海马和纹状体MAO-B活力增加，脑铁水平明显升高，线粒体铁蛋白水平下降，而海马CA1区神经元核固缩和神经细胞丢失。

In group B, a large amount of inflammatory cell infiltration in liver tissues were noted and hepatic cells showed spotty necrosis and bleeding under the light microscope; the electron microscope showed a significant decrease of mitochondria cristae, the broadness of endoplasmic reticula, hepatic cell necrosis and karyopyknosis.

B组光镜下可见肝组织大量炎性细胞浸润，肝细胞点状坏死及出血；电镜下可见线粒体嵴明显减少，内质网扩张，出现凋亡小体及核固缩。C组上述病理变化明显减轻。

Under electron microscope, tumor cell emerged karyopyknosis, new-moon shaped or circular, nucleus membrane was clesr, endoplasmic reticulum was dilated, and mitochondrion was swollen. A lot of apoptosis cells emerged in the tumor foci under light microscope.

光镜下显示肿瘤灶中出现许多凋亡细胞；肿瘤组织电镜观察，瘤细胞核染色质浓集成块，在核膜内呈新月形或环形排列，核膜清楚，瘤细胞内质网扩张，线粒体肿胀。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。