线粒体

Objective To examine the value of Edaravone in the treatment of vascular dementia through ethologic and pathologic changes induced by chronic cerebral ischemiaMethods Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham operated group,model group,edaravone group and duxil groupThe chronic cerebral hypoperfusion models were made by permanent bilateral occlusion of both common carotid arteriesThe memory ability and ultramicrostructure of brain tissue were observedResults The escape latencies in model group were more significantly prolonged than that in the other groups (P＜005)But there was no significant difference between edaravone and duxil groupAnd pathologic changes observed by electron microscope in nerve cell of edaravone group and duxil group and model group were fairly light than that in sham operated groupEdaravone group had increased mitochondrium and frontal membranous synaptic vesicle and more productive metabolic activityConclusions Edaravone can lessen injures of hippocampal neurons loss to improve the spatial learning and memory abilitiesAnd it is proved further that edaravone can treat VD

目的 观察依达拉奉对慢性缺血致血管性痴呆大鼠行为学及形态学的影响，探讨依达拉奉在治疗VD中的应用价值。方法实验分假手术组、模型组及都可喜对照组及依达拉奉治疗组，应用双侧颈总动脉结扎方法制备慢性脑缺血大鼠痴呆模型，观察各组大鼠的记忆功能及脑组织超微结构改变。结果缺血组水迷宫表现同对照组、都可喜组及依达拉奉组相比有显著差异(P＜005)，依达拉奉组与都可喜组相比未见显著差异。同时电镜观察结果也发现依达拉奉组及都可喜组与模型组及假手术组相比神经细胞病理改变较轻，且依达拉奉组线粒体及前膜突触小泡增多，代谢活动较都可喜组旺盛。结论依达拉奉可能通过减轻海马神经元的损伤来改善慢性脑缺血大鼠空间学习记忆障碍，证明依达拉奉对慢性缺血致VD大鼠具有治疗作用。

The location and structures of sex-pheromone-producing gland in female H.insularis were studied by EAG,GC,SEM,and TEM.These studies showed that thegland situate in the intersegmental membrane between the eighth and ninthabdominal segments,and is an eversible abdominal fold;Many plump cones disturbon the surface of the gland.The glandular cells of 2-day old virgin female H.insularis are arranged in one layer,among which the central cells are columnarepithelial cells and flat on two sides.The nucleus is irregular elliptical.There isevident conjugation between cells and the involution is more in the basal membraneof cell.Microvilli are distributed on the cytoplasmic membrane and linked withendocuticle on which there are many layers of chitin,and the outer cuticule is staineddeeper.The cell contains bubbles,mitochondria,glycogen deposits,roughendoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

结合触角电位、毛细管气相色谱、扫描电镜、透视电镜等技术对小线角木蠹蛾雌蛾腹尖末端不同组织部位提取物的测定分析以及腺体位置和形态结构的观察发现：小线角木蠹蛾性信息素分泌腺位于腹部末端8～9节之间，是一个由节间膜特化而成的上皮结构，为一可外翻的腹褶，腺体表面分布着饱满的锥形体，羽化后2天未交尾的雌蛾腺体细胞呈单层排列，腹面中央由密集的柱形上皮细胞组成，细胞排列向两侧延伸至背部，其形状由柱形逐渐变为扁平形，细胞核为椭圆形，细胞与细胞间有明显的胞连接，细胞基底膜基褶较多，质膜上分布着微绒毛，并与内表皮连接，内表皮上有多层几丁质，外角质层染色较深，细胞质中含有空泡、线粒体、脂质粒、粗面内质网和光面内质网。

1,After transfected the mutated mtDNA of colorectal carcinoma,the mtDNA D-loop region of the transfected cells displays new mutation points.2,The external source pieces of the mutated mtDNA can integrate to nuclear genome after transfection.3,There's no differences in apoptosis between combinations after transfected the mutation of mtDNA in NIH3T3 and LST cells.4,The mutated mtDNA may affect the action mechanism of occurrence and development in colorectal carcinoma through affecting its mtDNA mutation or integrating exogenetic mtDNA to its nuclear which may cause the abnormal expression of oncogene or anti-oncogene.

（1）转染突变的大肠癌细胞mtDNA后转染细胞的mtDNA均可发生多处的突变位点。（2）通过转染后突变的外源性的mtDNA可以整合到核基因组内。（3）突变的mtDNA转染LST细胞及NIH3T3细胞后，不影响转染细胞的凋亡改变。（4）mtDNA的突变可能通过影响体细胞mtDNA的突变和通过外源性mtDNA在核内的整合从而影响癌基因或抑癌基因的表达异常，从而参与肿瘤的发生发展。线粒体DNA；D―环区；突变；质粒；pcDNA3.1；转染

The phylogenetic relationships of Fagales were investigated by means of molecular systematics, which was based on six DNA sequences from three genomes, including chloroplast DNA trnL-F, matK, rbcL, and atpB, nuclear 18S ribosomal DNA, and mitochondrial gene matR.

本文采用来自三个基因组--叶绿体、线粒体和核基因组的六个DNA序列片段，对壳斗目的系统发育进行了重建，主要探讨了壳斗目八个科的科间系统演化关系及不同基因系统树间存在冲突的原因。

Our data also suggeted that genetic distance between Accipitridae and Falconidae was longer than the average.

并且，隼科和鹰科之间的平均遗传距离也远超过其它猛禽线粒体基因的平均遗传距离。

The 648 bp mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene was examined in 8 species of raptors (5 species in Accipitridae, Falconiformes; 3 species in Strigidae, Strigiformes) by PCR with universal primers. 99 additional barcode sequences were downloaded to explore whether the DNA barcodes could distinguish between these species.

用DNA条形码通用引物扩增了我国8种猛禽（14只个体）的线粒体细胞色素c氧化酶亚基I基因，选取648 bp DNA条形码标准区域，结合99条猛禽条形码序列，探讨DNA条形码对猛禽的识别和鉴定。

Based on a study of mitochondrial DNA in five Old World feline subspecies, scientists have now concluded that domestic cats are descended from the Near Eastern wildcat, or Felis silvestris lybica, a native of the deserts of the Middle East.

据一项来自五大洲猫科亚种动物DNA线粒体的研究，科学家们已证明家猫来自近东野猫或者中东某地。

We observed marophages pre-treated with ConA spread more rapidly on the well bottom compared with PBS injected controls under phase-contrast microscope. SEM of macrophages treated with ConA showed marked larger size and many surface ridges or ruffles and fine fingerlike processes or filopodia in comparison to controls, surface of which were smooth.

结果表明：①ConA处理后，倒置显微镜下可见Mφ粘附性增强；扫描电子显微镜下见其体积增大，指状突起增多；透射电子显微镜下见Mφ内线粒体等细胞器增多，伸出伪足包绕结核分枝杆菌并内吞，ConA活化的Mφ吞噬结核分枝杆菌数量增多，菌体的完整性受损。

ObjectiveTo develop a fluorogenic probe for measuring the concentration of DNA extracted from ancient samples,and evaluate its detection effects .

目的：设计荧光检测探针，对古DNA样本中的线粒体DNA片段进行定量分析，并对其检测效果进行评价。

Results By using zinc-iodide-osmium staining, the tubulo-vesicular system of parietal cells of fundic gland was manifested as numerous fibrous structures under HVEM. The nematolysosomes was often demonstrated as branching in shape and anastomosed with each other making a network system in cytoplasm under the visual field of the three dimensional electron microscopy combined with AcPase cytochemistry.

结果高压电镜下显示，锌-碘-锇酸染色方法制备的标本胃底腺壁细胞的微管泡系统呈无数纤维状结构；AcPase结合三维电子显微镜观察显示，线性线粒体在胞质中常呈分支状并互相吻合成网。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。