线粒体

The application to phylogenesis of gene rearrangement of mtDNA in Anura groups was analyzed. It showed that the higher Anura was, the more complicated gene rearrangement became.

本文分析了蛙类mtDNA基因重排多样性，并探讨了蛙类mtDNA基因重排在系统发生关系上的应用，发现越高等的物种，其线粒体基因重排越复杂。

But in anura, great variation was observed among mtDNA. the gene arrangements were compared with other anurans and the Tandem duplication followed by random gene loss model was implemented to explain for it.

但是在两栖纲无尾目动物中，线粒体基因组的基因排列顺序却存在很大变异，这种基因重排现象可以用TDRL模型来解释。

In this study, we discussed the phylogenetic relationships in the Anura groups with the sequences of the 12 proteins encoded in the H-strand and 22 tRNAs of mtDNA from 21 species from GenBank. They all indicated that Anura were divided into the Archaeobatrachia and the Neobatrachia,these results supported the monophyletic origin of Anura.

结合饰纹姬蛙和金线蛙的mtDNA以及GenBank上公布的共21种无尾目的线粒体基因组，本文基于编码重链12个蛋白质的基因和编码22个tRNA的基因分别构建了MP系统树，分析了21种无尾目动物的亲缘关系，结果都显示将无尾目分为两大群，支持无尾目的单系起源。

The application of nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequences in the molecular phylogenetics of Aphididae is summarized, with a special focus on the scientific problems which they can resolve.

总结了核基因和线粒体基因在半翅目蚜虫分子系统发育研究中的应用。

In the present study, mitochondrial 12S, 16S and nuclear 18S, 28S rDNA fragments of ten species of spiders were amplified and sequenced. Using neighbor-joining, maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood methods and Bayesian analyses, the phylogenetic relationship between Deinopoidea and Araneoidea was inferred from the combined DNA sequences of 12S, 16S, 18S and 28S rDNA fragments. The resulting phylogeny indicated that: Deinopoidea and Araneoidea did not form single clade.

本文首先测定了包括复杂生殖器类中妖面蛛总科、园蛛总科和非圆网蛛类等3个类群在内的9科10种蜘蛛线粒体12S rDNA、16S rDNA及核18S rDNA、28S rDNA等4个基因片段序列，并基于4个基因序列的整合数据，分别通过邻接法、最大简约法、最大似然法和贝叶斯法分析，对园蛛总科和妖面蛛总科蜘蛛之间的分子系统关系进行了探讨。

Objective To study the effects of β-asarone on mitochondrial membrane potential of cardiac myocytes with ischemia reperfusion injury.

目的 观察石菖蒲有效成分β-细辛醚对缺血再灌注损伤心肌细胞线粒体膜电位的影响。

β-asarone can inhibit the injury of myocardial mitochondria effectively, and stabilize MMP.

结论β-细辛醚能有效抑制MIRI心肌细胞线粒体的损伤，稳定MMP。

Results: The changes following hydrocortisone intervention of rats could be identified by PCA, and the kidney deficiency syndrome rats entered a state of "hyperfunction", involving a series of changes in metabolic pathway and metabolic network. The response integral area of lactic acid (δ 1.37) increased, indicating the accumulation of metabolites of lactic acid. The amount of dimethylamine (δ 2.72) also increased, indicating that the disorder of kidney function was related to kidney-deficiency syndrome. The response of creatinine (δ 3.87), asparaginic acid (δ 2.83), taurine (δ 3.44, 3.28), and hippurate (δ 7.84, 7.56, 7.64, 3.97) all decreased significantly, indicating that the hydrocortisone might cause adrenal cortex excretion injury. The response integral area of succinate (δ 2.41) and citric acid (δ 2.53, 2.68) decreased, which was usually caused by disorder of the mitochondrial function.

结果：PCA方法处理肾虚证和空白对照大鼠尿液数据显示，两组大鼠的数据可以在得分图实现分类，与对照组比较肾虚组大鼠由于氢化可的松诱导，大鼠机体进入一个过消耗后衰弱的状态，相关代谢发生显著变化，乳酸(δ 1.37)代谢发生堆积；二甲胺(δ 2.72)的含量增加，提示肾虚与肾功能异常是密切相关的；天冬氨酸(δ 2.83)，牛磺酸(δ 3.44， 3.25)，马尿酸(δ 7.84， 7.56， 7.64， 3.97)，肌氨酸(δ 3.87)等的相对积分面积明显下降，这预示糖皮质激素可能引起了肾上腺皮质分泌功能的损害；琥珀酸(δ 2.41)和柠檬酸(δ 2.53， 2.68)是三羧酸循环能量代谢及糖酵解的中间产物，其含量的降低，通常是由于线粒体功能紊乱所引起。

Mitochondria DNA extracted from bivoltine silkworm pupae was digested by EcoRⅠ into five restriction fragments,of which the 1.9kb fragment was cloned and sequenced.

克隆了二化性家蚕蛹体的线粒体DNA EcoRⅠ酶解1.9kb片段，并进行了序列测定。

Carotene and bixin inhibited the of MCF-7 human breast cancer cell significantly. The effects of carotenoids were pleiotropic.β-Carotene can activate PPARγ signal pathway and regulate expression of the downstream and relative genes, and impel cytochrome C liberation from mitochndria and increase the level of reactive oxygen species in cell.

胡萝卜素与胭脂树橙显著抑制乳腺癌MCF-7细胞的生长，β-胡萝卜素的抑制作用可能是多效性的，一是激活PPARγ信号系统，调节PPARγ下游基因及相关基因表达，另一个是促使线粒体中的细胞色素C释放，引起细胞内活性氧生成增加，导致细胞活力下降或坏死。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。