线粒体

Mitochondria in mammalian cells harbor their own DNA, but unlike nuclear DNA, the mitochondrial genome is transmitted asexually from mother to child,and thus does not benefit from genetic recombination.

哺乳动物细胞中的线粒体包含有它们自身的DNA，但与核DNA不同，线粒体DNA是通过无形繁殖从亲代遗传给子代的，因此遗传重组对mtDNA无益。

In this research DNA Barcodes was based on the special section of the cytochrome c oxidase 1sequence. Three primers were designed in three special sections(Bar1 Bar2) to identify six indigenous chicken breeds. The Bar1 sequence of COⅠ(648 bp : from 712 sites to 1358 sites) was the highest in polymorphism and had 24 SNP in six chicken breeds.

本研究利用线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶I (cytochrome c oxidase ⅠCOⅠ)这一特定基因的特定区段来做DNA条形编码的基础，选择其中二段序列（Bar1 Bar2）设计2个引物对6个中国地方鸡种的线粒体DNA进行扩增，以对其进行种品鉴定。

Firstly,this paper explained the function of spleen and its tight connection with other system from the TCM respect;after that,it discussed the relationship between the spleen and the bioblast from western medicine respect,considered that the function of chondriosome was the same with the spleen function of TCM.

周俊亮，潘佩光，潘奔前，刘友章(广州中医药大学附属南海妇产儿童医院，广东广州 528200)文章首先从中医学角度阐述了脾的功能及其与各系统的紧密联系；尔后从现代医学角度阐述了脾与线粒体的关系，线粒体的功能即中医脾的功能。

Mitochondrial biogenesis depends on coordinated expression of genes in the nucleus and mitochondria.

线粒体生物合成依赖于细胞核与线粒体基因的协同表达。

This response is characterized by stabilization of the mitochondrion and increased mitochondrial biogenesis, resulting in attenuation of oxidative c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation.

这个反应的特征在于线粒体的稳定性和线粒体合成的增加，从而导致具有氧化特性的c-Jun氨基末端激酶活化的衰减。

Based on the structure, those human diseases related mutation sites are mapped onto the structure accurately. As a result, it is found that these sites are all around the electron transfer prosthetic groups or ubiquinone. And these mutations will alter prosthetic groups' binding or ubiquinone's binding, causing electron leakage from the prosthetic groups in the electron transfer chain, producing reactive oxygen species and leading to tumor formation.

利用线粒体复合物 II 的结构对已知与人类疾病相关的该复合物突变位点进行了精确定位，发现这些突变位点均位于电子传递体或辅酶 Q 结合位点的周围，它们的突变或影响了电子传递体的结合，或影响了辅酶 Q 的结合，从而导致电子传递的中断，电子逃逸到线粒体基质中或线粒体内膜中，经过一系列下游途径导致疾病的产生。

The five prosthetic groups (FAD, [2Fe-2S], [4Fe-4S], [3Fe-4S] and heme group) required for electron transfer from succinate to ubiquinone were unambiguously assigned into the electron density map. Besides, we find there are some electron densities around the Qp pocket at the matrix side and we believe it represents the head structure of ubiquinone, which is proved by the inhibitor bound structure that 2-TTFA just locating at the Qp site. At the same time, we find there is the second 2-TTFA binding site, locating the inter-membrane side. This finding will change our knowledge about the electron transfer inside Complex II and the ubiquinone transfer between Complex II and Complex III, and endow a new role of Complex II in electron transfer chain.

除了对各个电子传递体（ FAD ，[2Fe-2S]，[4Fe-4S]，[3Fe-4S]以及血红素分子）进行精确定位外，我们在该结构跨膜区靠近线粒体基质一端的口袋 Qp 中，发现了一些电子密度，认为是所结合的辅酶 Q 的头部结构，这一点被与抑制剂结合的复合体的结构所证明，在该结构中， 2－ TTFA 恰好结合在口袋 Qp 中，同时，我们还发现了第二个2－ TTFA 的结合位点，位于跨膜区靠近线粒体膜间隙一端的口袋 Qd 中，这个发现具有全新的意义，将影响人们对电子在复合物 II 中传递以及辅酶 Q 在复合物 II 与 III 之间转移的认识，促使人们重新复合物 II 在线粒体呼吸链中的角色。

Methods Mitochondria were isolated from rat cerebral cortex and purified with a homogenizing and centrifuging program.

组织匀浆梯度离心法分离并纯化大鼠脑皮质线粒体，氧电极法鉴定线粒体氧化呼吸及其偶联活性；体外无细胞线粒体3H UTP和3H Leucine掺入法分别测定细胞器的转录与翻译活性。

Since mitochondrion is the primary organelle productting energy in cells, the genes related to the function of mitochondrion would be associated with the growth and quality of skeletal muscle.

骨骼肌是一种代谢旺盛的器官，其肌纤维中含有丰富的线粒体，而线粒体是细胞中产生能量的主要部位，与线粒体功能相关的基因必然与肌肉的生长和品质有关。

There are abundant mitochondrion, they often locate near and enclosure chloroplast in alpine plants.

在所研究的4种高山植物中，线粒体的数量均较多，线粒体在细胞中的分布表现出不均一，且常分布在叶绿体附近，二者靠的很紧，常常可以观察到5~6个线粒体将叶绿体包围起来的现象。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。