线性的

The attitude error equation for the polar gyro is linear time-invariant, and that for the equator gyro is linear and time varying. Furthermore, they are independent of each other.

极轴陀螺的姿态误差方程是线性定常的，赤道陀螺的姿态误差方程是线性时变的，并且极轴陀螺与赤道陀螺的姿态误差方程是相互独立的。

The effects of the linear birefringence and incident polarizing angle upon the performance of a bulk glass optical current sensor are derived and analyzed, a modulation formula to describe the influences of the linear birefringence to the output signal of the sensor is given.The effect of the incident polarizing angle upon the performance of the system and the condition to determine if or not it can exert the influence are also given.

对线性双折射及入射起偏角对光学玻璃电流传感器输出特性的影响进行了理论推导与分析，给出了光学玻璃电流传感器在非理想状态下线性双折射对输出电压的调制函数的数学表达式，并给出了入射起偏角对系统影响的数学表达式及其对系统有无影响的条件。

And the self-shrinking generator is a typical model of the clock-conctolled During the past ten years or more, some researches have been done on the period and linear complexity of the self-shrinking sequence obtained from an m-sequence which is generated by a primitive polynomial f over GF(2), degree=n , in the related academies.

近十余年，国际上已对由n级m-序列导出的自收缩序列的周期和线性复杂度做了研究，给出周期的上下界，其中所给的下界为2~([n/2])，由此也给出了线性复杂度的下界为2~([n/2]-1)+1。

Considering the fact that the self constraints of the design variables can be formulated as the linear functions in the present process optimization, the nonlinear part of the constraints is dealt by introducing the concept of active constraint set. The linear part is dealt by the gradient projection method specially.

同时考虑到现在的优化求解问题中，设计变量自身的约束可以合理地表示成线性函数的形式，因此对于优化问题的非线性约束部分，通过引入活动约束集的概念进行处理；而对于线性边界约束，则采用梯度投影法作专门处理。

Based on the analysis of linear quadratic optimal system and PID control system,the paper develops a method for PID parameter optimizing,which is obtained from the principles of time-domain designs and optimization for linear quadratic optimal control system.

本文通过对基于时域状态空间描述的线性二次最优控制系统和基于输出反馈的频域PID控制系统的对比分析，提出一种由PID动态补偿网络实现线性二次最优控制的方法，仿真结果验证了该方法的合理性。

Aiming at the deficiency of the current fingerprint segmentation method at pixel and the segment limitation of the linear classifier, a new method of segmentation based on quadric surface model is proposed.

文中分析了指纹的前景点和背景点在指标CMV(C指像素点的方向一致性、M是像素点的平均灰度、V是像素点的平均灰度方差)下的空间分布特点，发现该空间下的指纹前景和背景区域具有线性不可分性，使用线性分类器进行分类具备一定局限性。

In this paper,pose representation by quaternions are researched.With the basic quaternion algebra,the "quaternion based rotations combination theorem" is introduced and proved theoretically.On the basis of this theorem,a method for compute of pose nonliear state transfer function and its linearization is purposed.Then,the computing of the measurement function and the linearization is studied.With the Extended Kalman Filter,the pose is tracked and estimated.

研究用四元数表示物体的姿态，在四元数基本运算法则基础上提出并证明了"基于四元数的多个旋转运动合成规则"，然后将此规则为依据，推导出一种用来计算姿态非线性状态方程系数的方法，对非线性状态转移函数进行线性化，并且研究了测量方程函数的确定及线性化，借助扩展Kalman滤波实现了对姿态的跟踪。

The variation of pH and conductivity of various phosphate solution with the solution temperature were obtained based on the physical chemistry theory and ionization equilibrium theory in electrolytic solutions, and be testified experimentally under radiation of ultrasonic wave. The pH was a linear function with the reciprocal of thermodynamic temperature, and the conductivity was a linear function with the temperature in phosphate solution.

三、超声波对双水相系统组成物质、两相组成及溶质分配影响的研究根据物理化学原理和电解质溶液电离平衡理论分析推导和实验验证，揭示了超声波作用下不同组成磷酸盐溶液的pH值和电导率随溶液主体温度变化的规律：磷酸盐溶液的pH值与溶液主体绝对温度的倒数成线性关系，磷酸盐溶液的电导率与溶液主体温度成线性关系。

In the last chapter, by introducing the isochronous center of real systems into complex planar and defining complex center and complex isochronous center, a concise linear recursion formula for period constants is given, necessary and sufficient conditions of complex isochronous center (the Time-Angle Difference Theorem) proved, conditions of real systems with linearizable center and saddle treated unitedly and the isochronous center conditions discussed fully for a class of real planar cubic systems.

在第七章，通过把实系统等时中心引入复平面研究，定义了复中心和复等时中心，给出了等时中心周期常数计算的简明的线性递推公式，证明了等时中心判定的充分必要条件，统一地处理了实系统具有可线性化的中心和鞍点条件，并对一类实平面三次系统的等时中心条件进行了完整研究。

In the special case of GLM—normal linear model with classical link function,we compare our methods with existing ones and our methods perform more excellently.Finally,sequential detection of structural changes is studied in nonparametric regression models o Based on Nadaraya-Watson estimator of regression function,we calculate the residual series and construct "residual cumulative sum process" with weight values of kernel estimator of "long-run average density function".

在随机模拟一节中，给出了布朗桥的h-增量过程的"Max-Max"泛函统计量的经验分位数表，并在随机模拟中验证了文中所提"部分和"与"滑动和"方法的有效性，同时在广义线性模型取"典则连接函数"时的特例—正态线性模型场合，与已有方法进行了对比，结果显示文中所提方法表现更优。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。