线性元素

When scaled factor circulant matrices are nonsingular, we can find the single solution of the scaled factor circulant matrix equation; When scaled factor circulant matrices are singular, we can find the special as well as the general solution of the scaled factor circulant matrix equation; There is only an error of approximation when the fast algorithm is implemented on computers, and only the elements in the first row of the scaled factor circulant matrix and the constants in the diagonal matrix are needed by the fast algorithm.

当鳞状因子循环矩阵非奇异时，该快速算法求出线性方程组的唯一解；当鳞状因子循环矩阵奇异时，该快速算法求出线性方程组的特解与通解。该快速算法仅用到鳞状因子循环矩阵的第一行元素及对角矩阵中的对角上的常数进行计算。在计算机上实现时只有舍入误差。

In the elimination method of solving linear equations, pivot in an elimination step is a element with maximum ''.

在解线性方程组的消元法中，主元素指在某步消元时模最大的那个元素。

In the elimination method of solving linear equations, pivot in an elimination step is a element with maximummod.

在解线性方程组的消元法中，主元素指在某步消元时模最大的那个元素。

It works by first finding the smallest element using a linear scan and swapping it into the first position in the list, then finding the second smallest element by scanning the remaining elements, and so on.

它的工作原理是先找到最小的元素采用线性扫描和交换到第一的位置在列表中，然后找出其中存在的第二个最小的元素用扫描的其余内容，等等。

Combining the experimental results and theoretical analysis, the following work has been accomplished.(1) Reasons of the decrease of interelectrode capacitance and the increase of discharge gap caused by the powder suspended in dielectric fluid are explained. And the mechanism that surface quality of workpiece improved by powder-mixed EDM is analyzed from this viewpoint.(2) The variation regularity of the percentage of silicon on the machined surface of workpiece has been summarized according to the experiment results when silicon powder was added into the working fluid. The entropy is introduced to explain the reasons for this variation regularity by thermodynamics.(3) The dimensional accuracy is greatly influenced by the overcut resulting from discharge gap and electrode wear in practice application. Empirical formulas for the overcut in EDM and powder-mixed EDM are established based on the experimental results using the ternary linear regressive method in this paper.(4) The influence of main factors on the machined surface characteristics has been evaluated based on the orthogonal experimental design method.

通过一系列普通电火花加工与混粉电火花加工的对比实验，运用工艺实验和理论分析相结合的方法，重点做了以下工作：(1)探讨了粉末颗粒导致极间电容减小、放电间隙增大的原因，并从这个角度解释了混粉电火花加工可以改善工件表面质量的机理；(2)以混合硅粉的电火花加工为例，实验得出峰值电流和脉冲宽度对加工表面层成分中硅元素含量的影响规律，并引入熵的概念从热力学的角度对硅元素含量变化的原因寻找了理论依据；(3)在实际加工中，由于粉末的加入使放电间隙变大，这使得混粉电火花加工的尺寸精度难以控制，本文利用三元线性回归的方法，在实验数据的基础上，建立了两种电火花加工过切量的计算公式；(4)将正交试验法应用于混粉电火花加工实验研究，并通过对实验指标极差的直观分析，得出各电参数对加工指标影响的敏感程度。

The S box was constituted with the multiplication inverse element affined transformation in GF(2) of all elements of limited field GF(28),with S box s nonlinear byte changed,ciphered text attained the ideal status of the even of difference and the linear of deviation,and increased the capability of the AES algorithm of anti beating the difference cipher of analysis and linear cipher of analysis.

S盒由有限域G F(28)上所有元素的乘法逆元及在域G F(2)上的仿射变换构成，经过S盒的非线性字节代换，密文的差分均匀性和线性偏差都达到较理想的状态，提高了A E S算法抗击差分密码分析及线性密码分析的能力。

Eliminating the restriction of the characteristic of field ,the forms of invertible linear operator preserving inverses of matrices over full matrix space with at least four elements are described.

去掉了域的特征限制，刻画了至少包含4个元素的任意域 F上的全矩阵空间Mn的保逆的可逆线性算子形式。利用保幂等的结论证明了f为Mn上保持逆矩阵的可逆线性算子当且仅当存在P∈GLn，使得f=εPAP-1，A∈Mn，ε=±1∈F；或者存在P∈GLn，使得f=εPATP-1，A∈Mn，ε=±1∈F

Complexity : Logarithmic to the number of elements contained plus lineal to number of objects with the given key.

复杂度：所含元素数量的对数加上具有给定键值的元素数量的线性。

Secondly,we present internal stability of feedback systems.The fundamental idea is to represent a linear system as the range of a 2×1 operator matrix with causal entries.

其次介绍了线性时不变系统中的内部稳定性理论，基本思想是将一个线性系统表示成一个2×1算子矩阵的值域，其中的矩阵元素是关联的。

First, we give the relation of Birkhoff orthogonality and functionals in Banach space, then use functionals as a tool to investigate the relations of Birkhoff orthogonality and underling Banach space.

首先，建立了Banach空间中两个元素的Birkhoff正交性和线性泛函的关系，然后以线性泛函为主要工具，讨论了Birkhoff正交性和Banach空间结构的关系。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。