线尺度

Significant improvements to the TOPMODEL were made on the distributed computation of runoff yield in the mesh scale which is equivalent to that of DEM in one hand,and an isochrones hydrograph was calibrated from rainfallrunoff observations for watershed convergence simulations on the other hand.These improvements were made to enhance the simulation ability of the TOPMODEL,meanwhile to extend the model′s adoptability in rainfallrunoff simulations to middle and large scale watersheds.

考虑到流域地形、下垫面条件及流域气象条件的空间差异性，将TOPMODEL的产流计算细化到每个栅格，以改进模型的分布式计算，并在考虑地形坡度影响的情况下，根据降水-径流资料优选出的参数率定等流时线、利用率定的等流时线进行流域的汇流计算，以提升TOPMODEL在中、大尺度流域模拟演算的能力。

Using the output data of a MM4 mesoscale numerical model which fairly well simulated the developing structure and the evolution of the "96.1" snowstorm event over Qinghai Xizang Plateau, a nonlinear and non zonally non parallel basic flow symmetric instability models and simulation system were developed to validate the possible effect of conditional symmetric instability on the formation of the snowstorm process, the results showed that in a developing model of two dimensional nonlinear SI i...

利用"96 。1"青藏高原东北部暴雪过程的较成功的中尺度模拟的输出资料，用非纬向非平行基流中的对称不稳定模式，对"96 。1"暴雪发生发展过程的动力学机制进行了三维基流中二维非线性对称不稳定数值模拟试验。结果表明，ψ场和w场的三维配置与切变线的演变过程相当一致，说明用三维基流中二维非线性对称不稳定可能能较好地描述SI在切变线东伸南移过程中所起的作用。

The problems of point - line - plane - volume; the facts of square - circle - triangle; the mysteries of central - peripheral - frontal - oblique - concave - convex; the right angle and perpendicular; of scale and position; the interest in post- lintel, wall-slab, vertical-horizontal; the arguments of two-dimensional and three-dimensional space; the extent of a limited field; the meaning of implied extension; the meaning of plan, of section, of spatial expansion - spatial contraction - spatial compression - spatial tension; the direction of regulating lines, of grids; the relationships of figure to ground, or number to proportion, of measurement to scale, of symmetry to asymmetry, of diamond to diagonal; the hidden forces, the ideas of configuration; the static, the dynamic: all these begin to take on the form of a vocabulary.

点-线-面-体的课题；正方形-圆形-三角形的事实；中央-边缘-正对-倾斜-凹入-凸出的奥秘；直角与垂直；尺度与位置；柱-梁、墙-板、竖直-水平的旨趣；两维与三维空间的思辩；局促场所的极限；暗示延伸的含意；平面、剖面、空间扩充-空间收缩-空间挤压-空间张拉的意义；控制线与网格的方向；图与底、数字与比例、尺寸与尺度、对称与非对称、菱形与对角线的关系；暗藏的力量、构型的想法；静态、动态━这一切都将发展成为语汇的形式。

The first part of the whole, including: the main-scale displacement and the identification, map type, weight and general layout of calculating the focus of the plan is formally established; into the second performance, including: self-transformation and-line mapping, static water Calculation and static hydraulic curve, the stability of floating state calculation; third dip into the calculation; summed up into the fourth part, based on an evaluation of the design, lessons learned, the comprehensive knowledge.

第一部分为总体部分，包括：排水量及主尺度的确定、型线图、重量重心计算和总布置正式图的确定；第二部分为性能部分，包括：仿式变换与型线图绘制、静水力计算及静水力曲线图、稳性浮态计算；第三部分为大倾角计算；第四部分为总结部分，为本次设计作出评价，总结经验教训，综合所学知识。什么专业的？搞这么复杂的东西。报酬就免了，给了我也拿不到。

Study the different scale effect of forest landscape pattern in Beijing mountain area by the sampling of the line pattern, grid pattern and polygon pattern interpolated from point pattern, with the help of information entropy, lacunarity index and geostatistical analysis.

2采用信息熵法、孔隙度指数和空间地统计学三种尺度分析方法，分别从线格局、网格局以及由点格局插值为面格局几个不同角度和层面对北京山区森林景观格局进行尺度效应研究。

And a diagnosis of the event is made by using the theory of moist potential vorticity.

结果表明：产生本次大暴雨的中尺度系统是低空急流、切变线和中尺度低压。

Starting with the vision element of Exhibition space, expanding in the topics about space measure control and moving line layout of the Exhibition space, this article discussed deeply about the Exhibition spaces' sensate way, means, measure control and the psychological infection on visitors.

本文从展示空间的视觉要素入手，详细的就展示空间尺度的控制、展示空间动线的规划等议题展开，通过各种技术参数的罗列，详尽论述了展示空间感知方式、手段、尺度控制以及展示空间对观展者心理影响。

The analysis of wind vectors from automatic surface observations shows that the mesoscale convergence line between the northerlies and the easterlies in lower troposphere is very important to the torrential rain , which determines the locations and timings of the torrential rain .

地面自动站以及加密站风场资料分析指出，低空偏北风与偏东风之间的中尺度辐合线对暴雨发生有重要作用，其出现的时间和位置决定了中尺度暴雨天气的发生时间和位置。

In this thesis ,a new technique for studying the mechanical behavior of nano-scale thin metal films on silicon substrate is presented. The test structure was designed on this novel "paddle" cantilever beam specimens with dimensions as few hundred nanometers to less than 10 nanometers.

中文摘要由於半导体产业及微机电产业之蓬勃发展，并且其尺度线宽已达到微-奈米等级之下，因此，本论文提出了一项新的研究奈米尺度下金属薄膜材料之机械行为的构想。

We performed a simulative test, which confirms that wavelet analysis can separate annual wobble and Chandler wobble. Our results show that this method can be used in astronomical geodynamies effectively. This paper is divided into two parts. The first is about statistic characteristic of polar motion. Polar motion includes secular motion, long period fluctuations, Chandler wobble, annual wobble and high frequency wobble. The secular motion is 3.4mas/year and towards 760W meridian. Long period fluctuations have difference periods in x-axis and y-axis. They are 31.7-year and 24-year in x-axis and 28.5-year and 22.9-year in y-axis. These 2~? decades fluctuations have an amplitude of about 30 mas , and are very nearly linearly polarized, with the observed motion of pole being almost entirely along a line between 360E and 1440W. There is a 55.4-year wobble whose amplitude is 9 mas. The amplitude of the interannual fluctuations is about 4? mas. The amplitude of long period fluctuations decreased after 1970. The annual wobble is a steady wobble. It retrograde wobble is only 1/20 of prograde wobble in amplitude.

本文的工作主要分为两部分：第一部分是通过分析POLE97序列，我们对极移的统计特性有了一个较全面的认识，极移主要包括趋势项、长周期项、Chandler项、周年项和高频项：趋势项的方向是西经76°，速度为每年3.4mas；长周期项中Markowitz 项在X、Y两个方向有不同的周期，它们分别是：X方向的两个周期是31.7年和24 年，Y方向的两个周期为28.5年和22.9年它们叠加在一起是一个线偏振运动，最大振幅约为30mas，偏振方向在西经144°和东经36°之间；极移的长周期波动中还存在一个 55.4年周期的圆周运动，振幅约为9mas；十年尺度变化的振幅在4～6mas之间，在Y 方向十年尺度的成份比较多，它们的周期在X方向和Y方向不是对应的；从七十年代年开始长周期变化的振幅明显降低；周年项是一个振幅稳定的摆动，在X、Y两个方向的振幅略有差别，逆向运动振幅大约为顺向运动振幅的1/20；Chandler摆动的振幅自1900年以来经历了几次较大的变化，其中包括1915年和1955年两次极大值，振幅分别达到0&。25和0&。28，以及1925～1940期间小于0.09的过程，Chandler项在X、Y 两个方向的振幅几乎完全相等，其逆向运动振幅不到顺向运动振幅的1/50。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。