线

The new method gives out a set of equations based on the fundamental algebra rules that principal stress trace obeys and the essential attributes it possess, we then combine these equations with further information described in this paper leading to an exact description of the conic representing the principal stress traces.

该方法是根据主应力迹线满足过任意三条等倾线的主应力都可以用二次曲线来描述这一条件，再利用主应力迹线本身所具有的性质列出方程组解算出描述主应力迹线的一元二次方程，然后根据方程描绘出所求的主应力迹线。

The orthographic projection of thread will produce when the axis of thread is vertical to optical axis, which can reflect the real shape and size of thread, but the experiment and calculation show that the spiral line of thread will shield part of the teeth contour in projecting plane, and so to cause a projection with flaw.

当线的轴是垂直的时候，线的正字法发射将会生产对光学的轴，能反映真正的形状和线的大小，但是实验和计算表演线的螺旋形线将会在突出的飞机中保护牙齿等高线的部份和如此用缺点引起发射。

This study presents a new multilayer implicit connection graph-based gridless router called NEMO. Unlike the first implicit connection graph-based router that embeds all routing layers onto a routing plane, NEMO constructs a routing plane for each routing layer.

这个研究提出一个新的以隐性连通图为基础的多层非格子绕线器尼摩，它不像之前第一个以隐性连通图为基础的绕线器埋置所有层到一个绕线平面，尼摩一个绕线层就建构一个绕线平面。

Other major products are polyester sewing thread, artificial silk embroidery threads, singeing mercerized cotton yarn, cotton packets Di, Di Di packages such as sewing thread, with an annual output of nearly 10,000 tons of polyester, rayon embroidery threads nearly 1,000 tons.

其他主要产品有涤纶缝纫线，人造丝绣花线、纯棉丝光烧毛纱线、棉包涤、涤包涤缝纫线等，年产涤纶线近万吨，人造丝绣花线近千吨。

The main jobs of this paper are as followed: 1 The reuse of the frame design technology for aircraft assembly fixtures is researched. a frame line part library is built with the templet driven technology, the reuse of the frame line part come true by the tools for instantiation and instance modification. The design resources are effectively used, some repeating work is cut. 2 Two methods to obtain the assembly feature are proposed: the straight way by the Enumeration method and the indirect way by project features to the assembly plane. All of the assembly features of the frame and the adjustable bearings are obtained by these two methods which makes the frame automatic assembly technology for aircraft assembly fixtures come true. 3 The frame automatic assembly technology aircraft assembly fixtures based on assembly features is researched. A binary tree assembly model is used to express the assembly information of the frame for aircraft assembly fixtures, the automatic assembly between the frame, the aircraft and the adjustable bearing is completed within the three steps: distribute, obtain and evaluate assembly feature. Finally, the efficiency of the frame assembly design is proved. 4The frame interpart modeling technology for aircraft assembly fixtures is researched, the intersection methods are concluded and the arithmetic of the single-cut, double-cut and inter-cut intersection is proposed, the interpart fast modeling of the frame design for aircraft assembly fixture come true. 5Based on the researches mentioned before, a sub-system of frame fast design for aircraft assembly fixture is developed on CATIA. The sub-system is used to design the aircraft assembly fixtures in a large aeronautics corporation and make a good- effect.

论文的主要工作如下： 1研究了飞机装配型架骨架设计重用技术，在总结归纳骨架线框结构类型的基础上，应用模板驱动的方法建立了骨架线框库，通过骨架线框零件的实例化和离线编辑实现骨架线框的重用，有效利用设计资源，减少重复劳动； 2提出穷举几何对象的装配特征直接获取方法，遍历零件模型的几何对象，从中捕捉所需装配特征，该方法简捷、高效；提出向装配面投影的装配特征间接获取方法，该方法在现有特征基础上生成装配特征，解决了部分装配特征难以直接获取的问题； 3研究了基于装配特征的飞机装配型架骨架自动装配技术，采用一种二叉树装配模型表达骨架的装配关系，并通过装配特征的分配、获取和赋值三个步骤，实现了骨架分别与飞机产品和可调支承的自动装配，避免了繁琐的人工交互操作，提高了骨架设计的效率和规范化程度； 4研究了飞机装配型架骨架零件间建模技术，在总结归纳骨架元件相贯处理方式的基础上，提出了骨架元件单剪切相贯、双剪切相贯和互剪切相贯的实现算法，简化了骨架相贯处理的过程； 5基于以上研究，在CATIA平台上开发了飞机装配型架骨架快速设计子系统，并应用于某大型航空企业的装配型架设计，提高了设计效率和设计质量。

The concept of form feature and form feature line in terms of describing the automobile form was introduced based on the 100 digital models of automobile.20 form feature lines was captured from the 100 digital models,and sorted into three classes: the main feature line,the transition feature line,and the subjoin feature line.

在构建100个汽车造型数字模型的基础上，引入特征的概念对汽车造型进行描述，提取了20条汽车造型特征线，将其分类为主特征线、过渡特征线和附加特征线，建立了基于特征和特征线的汽车造型描述模型。

After analyzing the merit and lack of 9I model, the main idea is proposed: to distill some basic topological relations from 9I model, of which the composite topological relations of complex objects are made up. In detail, the composite topological relationships between region and region, line and line, line and region are particularly discussed;(2)Analyze the characteristics and inner relations of cadastral features. According to the expressional model of complex topological relations, the author discovers the possible topological relations between parcels, parcel lines and parcel points. In addition, sum up the general topological relationship rules of cadastral data.(3) Then the topological relations model is extended to the spatio-temporal data. Time in cadastral database and change semantic are discussed. It's redefined that spatio-temporal topological relations is composed of time, location, status and event relation. Spatio-temporal topological relationships can be represented by extended 4I model. Taking cadastral parcels as example, there are different possible spatio-temporal topological relationships between parcels when they are extended, shrunken, split, merged or others. Thus, some deductions are drawn that, for example, if parcels have be coexisting for some time they are impossible to be overlapped. Furthermore, the parents of parcels alternated and their possible change types can be detected by their spatio-temporal topological relationships.(4) Before carrying out the experiment, the calculation method must be designed.

具体研究工作及成果如下：（1）根据点集拓扑理论中与拓扑空间相关的概念，本文对空间的点、线、面进行了重新定义，以区分对象的复杂性；分析了9I模型在表示简单对象方面的优点，以及在表达复杂对象上的不足，阐述了本文的研究思路和解决方案，并以复杂的面面、线线和线面为例详细探讨了复合拓扑关系的表达方法；（2）分析了地籍权属数据和地类数据的内涵、特点和要素之间的联系，根据复杂对象的拓扑关系表达模型，本文讨论了宗地、界址线、界址点之间，图斑、线状地物、零星地类之间可能存在的拓扑关系和形式化表达方法，归纳总结了地籍对象的拓扑关系满足的约束性规则；（3）将拓扑关系的研究延伸到时空领域，从地籍对象的时态性出发，本文阐述了地籍数据中时间的含义和变化语义描述的需要；从时间、位置、状态、事件等之间的拓扑关系方面，重新系统性地进行了时空拓扑关系的定义；研究了一维时间和二维空间的集成表达方式，以宗地、界址线为例，分析了变更前后不同时间区间里可能的拓扑关系，探讨了时空拓扑关系对时空变化操作类型和变化语义的推理方法和意义；（4）为实现空间拓扑关系的查询分析等应用，本文研究了空间拓扑关系的计算方法。

Five species belonged to five genera were extracted from soil samples which were Helicotylenchus digonicus, Tylenchorhynchus maximus, Psilenchus hilarulus, Filenchus vulgaris and Aphelenchus avenae. Except A.

结果表明：从洋葱根际土壤样品中共分离鉴定出线虫5个属5个种，包括喜悦平滑垫刃线虫、普通丝尾垫刃线虫、双角螺旋线虫、最大矮化线虫和燕麦真滑刃线虫。

Formation of a birdnest prevents free movement of goods and may be caused by inadequate tensioning of the top thread top thread not through take-up lever top thread not following thread path correctly or flagging goods.

鸟巢的形成阻碍了图案的自由移动，它可能是因为顶部的线张力不够，顶部的线未穿过紧线器杆顶部的线未准确地沿着线的轨迹，或者是图案下垂了）。

Formation of a birdnest prevents free movement of goods and may be caused by inadequate tensioning of the top thread,top thread not through take-up lever,top thread not following thread path correctly or flagging goods.

鸟巢的形成阻碍了图案的自由移动，它可能是因为顶部的线张力广东服饰批发网，顶部的线未穿过紧线器杆，顶部的线未正确地沿着线的轨迹，或者是图案下垂了）。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。