纵向地

In the experiment, the camera was placed on the longitudinal axis of all-metal slab waveguide and recorded the discharge phenomenon of CO2 laser clearly.

实验中，照相机放在激光器的纵向轴心上，清楚地记录了CO2激光器的放电现象。

Dr. de Bono calls this vertical thinking, the traditional, sequential, Aristotelian thinking of logic, moving firmly from one step to the next, like toy blocks being built one on top of the other.

德博诺医生把这一模式称为纵向思维——这是一种传统的、连续的、亚里士多德式的逻辑思维，固定地从一步迈向下一步，就像是玩具积木一块搭在另一块上面那样。

In order to understand the seismic performance of the large complex structure with basement, the structure-pile-soil finite element model of two typical cross sections of the Tianjin Transportation Junction were established by using the ANSYS software. The elasto-plastic time history analysis was made, and the seismic responses of the whole system under the horizontal seismic load were got. Comparing the results of the seismic response with the rigid foundation model, some reasonable conclusions are drawn.

为弄清楚带有地下室大型复杂结构的抗震性能，本文针对天津站交通枢纽工程，分别取结构典型的横向及纵向剖面，应用大型通用有限元分析软件ANSYS，建立了结构－桩－土体系相互作用的有限元模型，采用动力时程分析方法，研究体系在水平地震作用下的弹塑性动力反应规律，分析结构在地震动作用下的位移和内力的分布；并与假定刚性基础周边土简化为弹簧的结构模型的计算结果进行比较，通过两种模型的地震反应的对比分析，得到了一些有益的结论。

Steve's English is better than Tom; Steve is from the English Dept while Tom majors in Physics. This is like comparing apples to oranges. Now the Chinese university students are living better than those in North Korea and some African countries, which is comparing apples to apples. Some students have mp3, new brand model mobile phones, multi-geared bikes and they are leading a much wealthier life than those from breadline families. But they still think they are poorer than those rich classmates. They need both apple to apple comparison and apple to orange comparison.

斯迪夫的英语比汤姆好，前者是英语专业的，后者的专业是物理，不同类的事物不具可比性，正如苹果和桔子不具可变性一样；如今我国的大学生比朝鲜和部分非洲国家的大学生过得好，这是可类比的，正如两个都是苹果，是可以比较的那样；部分大学生已经有了MP3，新款手机，变速单车，比靠领救济的家庭的学生富裕多了，可他们仍一味与更有钱的富家子弟攀比，他们应该客观平和地调整心态，横向和纵向都要比。

Steve's English is better than Tom; Steve is from the English Dept while Tom majors in Physics. This is like comparing apples to oranges. Now the Chinese university students are living better than those in North Korea and some African countries, which is comparing apples to apples. Some students have mp3, new brand model mobile phones, multi-geared bikes and they are leading a much wealthier life than those from breadline families. But they still think they are poorer than those rich classmates. They need both apple to apple comparison and apple to orange comparison

斯迪夫的英语比汤姆好，前者是英语专业的，后者的专业是物理，不同类的事物不具可比性，正如苹果和桔子不具可变性一样；如今我国的大学生比朝鲜和部分非洲国家的大学生过得好，这是可类比的，正如两个都是苹果，是可以比较的那样；部分大学生已经有了MP3，新款手机，变速单车，比*领救济的家庭的学生富裕多了，可他们仍一味与更有钱的富家子弟攀比，他们应该客观平和地调整心态，横向和纵向都要比。

It made a multi-dimensional exposition on the source of the reading mode's evolution, from horizontal (the mingling and clash between eastern and western culture) to historical (the rupture of ancient and contemporary culture); from synchronous (the clash among mainstream, elite and commonage culture and culture structure) to diachronic (culture turbulence in the century's end transition).

从横向(东西方文化的交融与冲击)到纵向，从共时(主流、精英、大众三种文化构成间的冲突)到历时(世界末的文化转型期造成的文化动荡)，多维度地阐述了造成阅读消费方式变更的根源。

A piston-shaped valve needle is contained in the bore in a longitudinally sliding fashion and has an essentially conical valve sealing surface by means of which the valve needle cooperates with the valve seat in order to control the at least one injection opening.

一个活塞状的阀针(5)可纵向移动地设置在孔(3)中并具有一个基本上锥形的阀密封面(7)，阀针(5)通过该阀密封面与阀座(9)相配合，以控制至少一个喷射口(11)。

By comprehending the correlative knowledge of the organization characteristic for Wintelism, this paper has systematically explains the content of the conception, characteristic and hypostases of Wintelism, and then totally expounded its industrial organization pattern and domino effect. By the analysis of the actuality of the auto industry, it expatiate the structure, conduct and performance of the market in use of the SCP pattern. Comparing with the traditional pattern of Fordism and TPS, it expatiate the industrial competitive advantage of Wintelism, based on which the paper analyses the condition to optimize our automobile industrial organization. And then it systematically researches on the rule, the route-choosing, the realization mode and the actualization measure. So the conclusion is lastly formed that the best optimization to our automobile industry is the oligarch structure of Wintelism.

本文通过对温特模式的产业组织特点等相关知识的梳理，系统地阐述了温特模式的概念、特点和本质等内容，全面分析了其产业组织方式和产业经济效应；通过对我国汽车产业的现状分析，利用产业组织理论的&SCP范式&对我国汽车产业的市场结构、市场行为和市场绩效进行深入剖析；通过与传统的&福特模式&和&丰田模式&的纵向比较分析，阐述了温特模式的产业竞争优势，基于此，对我国汽车产业组织优化的条件进行分析，系统地研究了产业组织优化的原则、路径选择、实现方式和实施措施，并最后得出了我国汽车产业组织优化的最佳路径就是温特模式的寡占结构的结论。

This article analyzes the price formation mechanism from three aspects in the electricity market: the interests balance among the enterprises, the optimal resources allocation, the price flexibility and the external characteristics of the industrial economy. So, we have reached a core conclusion, that is, the integrated value of the electricity is the basis of the price formation. We can negotiate the benefit distribution among enterprises gradually and vertically by introducing the flexibility cost of the power enterprises, the use of the positive and the negative externalities of electric powers, the property rights decomposition of the power resources and the value re-estimation into the mechanism of the price formation.

本文从各企业利益平衡、资源配置的最优化、弹性价格及电力产业经济外部性特征等三个方面分析电力市场价格形成机制，分析得出一个核心的结论，电力资源的综合价值是电力价格形成的理论基础，将发电企业的弹性成本，电力正负外部性，电力资源的产权分解与电力价值再估算不断地引入价格形成机制之中才能逐步地协调电力市场纵向结构间企业之间的利益分配关系。

In summary, various key experimental conditions in electron acoustic imaging of ferroelectric domains were systematically studied. The optimum experimental conditions to obtain EAI of domains with good quality and the factors important to image analysis have been presented. The piezoelectric vibrator model and calculation of motion equation are helpful for explaining the imaging mechanism and related experimental phenomena. The sample holder with variable electric field was designed. The domain movement of BaTiO〓 ceramics and crystal under lateral and longitudinal applied electric field and domain movement of PMN-PT crystal under longitudinal poling electric field were observed. The application of SEAM on revealing of ferroelastic domains, imaging of residual stress distribution in ceramics coatings and around the pores on the surface of ferroelectric ceramic composite have been reported respectively. All these works enriched the study of electron acoustic imaging and extended the application of SEAM in the characterization of materials.

综上所述，本文系统地研究了各项关键实验条件对电畴电声成像的影响，指出了获得最佳畴结构电声像的条件和成像分析中应当考虑的各种影响因素；提出了解释电畴电声成像的压电振子模型，在此基础上推导并求解了压电振子运动方程，并对一些实验现象作出了解释；成功地设计了可变电场的样品台，观察了BaTiO〓陶瓷和晶体在横向电场作用下的畴运动，PMN-PT晶体在纵向极化电场作用下的畴运动；探索了电声显微镜在铁弹畴成像，陶瓷涂层应力观察，陶瓷自然表面气孔周围应力成像的应用，这些研究，丰富了电声成像的学术内涵，拓展了电声显微镜的应用领域。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。