纵向

Parallel with the length of a structure, such as a ship or house; running lengthwise.

纵向的与一结构的长度平行的，如船或房子；纵向排列的

In this dissertation, the propagation of axial symmetric longitudinal wave mode under the complicated stress environment is investigated.

由于轴对称纵向模式的导波的激发和接收比较容易，且它的各种特性与板中Lamb波很类似，因此轴对称纵向模式成为了工程中利用导波进行无损检测时采用最多的一种模式，所以本文对该种模式在复杂应力环境下管壁中传播特性进行了深入的研究。

The paper firstly examined the mechanical characteristics of wood samples at micron scale, which provided some theoretical basis for the application of wood microtome section to study the in-tree variation of longitudinal mechanical properties of tracheids. In chapter 3, microtension of wood microtome section is for the first time used to explore the in-tree variation of longitudinal MOE of tracheids, meanwhile the size effect of mechanical properties of wood at micron scale is taken into count.

本项研究正是基于以上考虑而提出的，首要目标是提出能快速评价管胞纵向力学性质的实验技术，并以此研究了人工林杉木管胞纵向力学性能的株内变异规律；目的之二是从实验和理论的角度研究管胞细胞壁力学性质的主要影响因素，为树木木材品质的基因改良提供量化的目标和指标。

In chapter 5, the concept of zero-span tension known in papermaking area is for the first time introduce to wood science area to explore in-tree variation of longitudinal tensile strength of tracheids and its main influencing factors. In chapter 6, composite micromechanics and classic laminated theory are used to make a comprehensive and detailed analysis of the main influencing factors of mechanical properties of tracheids cell wall. Some experimental results acquired in the foregoing chapters are explained successfully. Results were summarized as follows: Mechanical characteristics of wood at micron scale: 1 At micron scale, the longitudinal mechanicai behavior of wood microtome section differs greatly from that of wood with normal size.

论文的第2章首先研究了微米尺度下木材的力学特性，为后面运用木材微切片拉伸技术奠定一定的理论基础；在第3章，首次考虑到了微米尺度下木材力学性质的尺寸效应，并运用木材微切片正常间距拉伸技术研究了管胞纵向弹性模量的株内变异规律；在第4章，首次利用纳米压痕技术中最新发展起来的连续刚度测量法直接在管胞细胞壁上进行纳米级的压痕实验，测量次生壁S〓层的纵横向弹性模量和硬度，从而把细胞壁力学的研究提高到一个更高的水平；在第5章，首次把造纸领域的零距拉伸技术引入木材科学研究领域，研究了管胞纵向抗拉强度的株内变异规律及其主要影响因素；第6章则运用复合材料细观力学的基本理论和经典层板理论对影响细胞壁力学性能的主要因素进行了全面而系统的分析，并为前几章的一些实验结果提供理论上的解释。

In the present work,the longitudinal flexibility of the nitinol stent was analyzed using finite element method.

利用Pro/E和Ansys软件建立了支架纵向柔顺性分析模型，对临床上广泛应用的3种镍钛合金支架的纵向柔顺性进行了分析和比较。

In this paper,a combined study was curried out for interpreting structure,distribution and tension of fault, wave field effect, heat state and nonelastic medium by explosion seismic Sounding, ZD and 3D long period surface waves of earthquake,magnetotelluric deep sounding,heat flow survey,the mechanism of tectonic movement and deep internal processes in Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.

地壳到地幔速度结构的纵向结构变化，横向分区和走时残差随深度的显著变化，板块边界的地球物理异常场效应，垂直向差异显著的地壳结构与深大断裂体系，低速层的变异、分布、尖灭与缺失，以及近代火山活动地区典型的地热活动特征等，不仅说明构造异常，而且也说明了青藏高原地壳与上地幔在纵向与横向上都不均匀。

By means of the orthogonal expansion technique, the coupling system solutions are finally obtained. Then the dynamic model of saturated soil layer caused by pile longitudinal vibration is founded. Incorporated wave propagations into saturated soil layer, the characteristics of soil resistance factor and the mechanism of the radial damping are analyzed, as well as distributions of shear stress and pore pressure in saturated soil caused by pile vibration.

然后利用上述解析解分析了饱和土层复阻抗，并从饱和土波动理论出发，建立了桩纵向振动引起的饱和土层振动模式，剖析了辐射阻尼产生机理，研究了桩纵向振动引起的饱和土层中剪应力及孔隙水压力分布。

After a description of the basic principle of vertical ultrasonic guided wave, this paper has made an analysis on the variation of the displacement offset of vertical mode variant with frequency; it has also presented an approach by which a pectinate symmetrical transducer be used to effectively detect pipeline flaws.

在纵向超声导波基本原理的基础上，分析了两种纵向模式位移分量随频率的变化而变化的情况，给出了一种梳状对称换能器对管道缺陷的有效检测。

The second part is the key of this paper. The author focuses on making an induction of expressive skills, cognitive process and beauty appreciation changes on color language in western painting in different periods, from primitive society to the ancient Greece, from Middle Ages to Renaissance, from the 17~ and 19~ century to the 20~ century. At the same time, the author makes a comparison between the typical works of typical artists and analyses the typical color language and its expressive approach. In addition, the author brushes the evolution relationship contained in color, such as symbolism, decoration, mitation, abstract and expressiveness of language, with the purpose of displaying the main features of color language in different periods and discovering the evolution relationship , its necessity and sequence.

其次，本文重点归纳总结了西方美术史各阶段，包括原始社会、古希腊到中世纪、文艺复兴、十七至十九世纪直至二十世纪绘画色彩语言的表现技巧和认知过程及审美嬗变，在此基础上纵向比较了以上各阶段典型画家的典型作品中的色彩语言和表现方法，并对西方绘画中具有象征性、装饰性、模仿性、抽象性和表现性的色彩语言及其演进关系也进行了纵向逻辑梳理，从而归纳出各个时期绘画色彩语言的基本特点及其历史演进的必然性和秩序性。

Angular spectral is spectral value map formed by estimating semblable coefficients of fast and slow shear wave or the variation of amplitude ratio of fast and slow shear wave with times and angles at a specified space point based on semblable theory of fast and slow shear wave, the angle value of this space point at a given time can be got by picking the maximum of angular spectral; the study reveals that fast and slow shear wave with different polarization direction should be separated using different rotation formula, eight formulas of separating fast and slow shear wave using clockwise rotation and counterclockwise rotation have been derived, and gained energy assignment rule and phase coincidence rule, in real data estimation, the rotation formula used for separating fast and slow shear wave can be uniquely determined on the two discriminating rules. On the basis of semblable theory of fast and slow shear wave, the delay time corresponding to the maximum of semblable coefficients at a specified point in a given time window is the delay time of fast and slow shear wave, delay time section of fast and slow shear wave can be got by moving space point and smoothing time window. The vertical variation values of delay time of fast and slow shear wave reflect the effect degree of vertical fractured reservoir on fast and slow shear wave which is defined as anisotropic coefficient, and section map of anisotropic coefficient can be obtained.

角度谱就是利用快慢横波的相似性原理，在某一空间点求出快慢横波的相似系数或快慢横波的振幅比值随着时间和角度的变化而形成的谱值图，拾取其极大值就得到该空间点某一时间的角度值；在研究中发现分离不同偏振方向的快慢横波应该采用不同的旋转公式，推导出了利用顺时针旋转和逆时针旋转分离快慢横波的八个公式，并给出了能量分配准则和相位一致性准则两个判别准则，在实际计算中利用这两个判别准则能唯一地确定分离快慢横波的旋转公式；根据快慢横波的相似性原理，在某一给定点和给定时窗内最大相似系数对应的延迟时间就是快慢横波的延迟时间，随着空间点的移动和时窗的滑动就可以得到快慢横波延迟时间的剖面图；快慢横波延迟时间与慢横波传播时间的比值定义为裂缝密度，并求出了裂缝密度剖面图；快慢横波延迟时间纵向上的变化值的大小反映了纵向上裂隙层对快慢横波影响的大小，定义为各向异性系数，并求出了各向异性系数的剖面图。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。