纵向

Longitudinal reinforcement has been modeled with discrete element and stirrup has been modeled with smeared element. Smeared element, stirrup has been modeled using membrane element in or on concrete isoperimetric element. The constitutive relationship and failure criterion for concrete is the inter-facial model.

在建立钢筋混凝土的有限元模型时，混凝土采用的单元为八节点六面体等参单元，钢筋单元分为两种情况，纵向钢筋采用分离式钢筋单元，箍筋采用埋藏式钢筋单元，即箍筋作为附着在混凝土等参数单元内或单元上的"膜单元"。

In chapter six, A finite element model to evaluate the mechanics properties of thin wall structure is put forwards. The 4-node quadrilateral Hughes-Liu shell element with five through-the-thickness integration points is employed. The material is assumed to satisfy the elastic-plastic yield condition with isotropic hardening. The single surface contact algorithm is taken to deal with the contact searching. The priori stabilization procedures for the numerical control of the hourglass instability and the penalty method for the evaluation of contact force are used. The classical Coulomb law of friction is employed to evaluate the friction force.

第六章采用法向方向5点积分的4节点Hughes-Liu壳单元，前置参数法砂漏控制技术，等向强化弹塑性材料模型，分步增量应力回映方法，一体化接触搜寻算法，罚参数接触力计算方法及经典摩擦定律，建立了一种计算受冲薄壁结构大变形力学特性计算的有限元模型，通过对汽车A传动轴及汽车纵向方形吸能梁的大变形力学特性分析，验证了该有限元模型的正确性。

In addition, longitudinal or transverse residual stress distribution of welded joint can be improved by using of trailing peening.

此外，焊接接头的纵向及横向残余应力分布状态均有了很大程度的改观，应力水平相对较低，有利于焊接结构的尺寸稳定。

Champagne mangoes (small orange kidney-shaped mangoes) or 1 regular mango, peeled, pitted, cut lengthwise into 3-inch-long, 1/2-inch-wide strips

2个香槟色芒果（小橙色芒果，肾状大小）或是1个普通芒果，去掉皮和核，纵向切成3英寸长，1/2英寸宽

Lb kielbasa (not low-fat), quartered lengthwise and cut crosswise into 1/4-inch-thick slices 1 cup

1磅波兰香肠，纵向切成4份并且横向切成1/4英寸的薄片

And that impact on the three-dimensional velocity and the shear stress distribution in different L/D and T/D were also analyzed.

对比分析了同一来流情况，不同纵向间距比L/D和横向间距比T/D的流场特性及床面剪切应力分布，探讨了L/D和T/D对三维流速分布、床面剪切应力等的影响。

Leastsquare method and Lagrange's interpolation formula see their applicationsfor fitting fore-and-aft lines-whose aim is to calculate the intersection point ofequivalent inclined waterline-and differences. In order to replace theinconvenient alternate conduct of drawing and calculating, improvement hasbeen introduced into the paper which means all work can be done bycomputer. Capacity calculation cannot be done without boundary layer build-up. Fit every area curve and area moment curve is necessary because ofinterpolation.

在第二章中，给出了B样条函数的数学表达形式，推导了B样条曲线下所围面积、面积矩公式；讨论了最小二乘法和拉格朗日插值法的数学形式，并在拟合船体型线上给出首、尾轮廓线的具体实例，对比不同方法进行拟合的差异，其目的是为了求得与等体积倾斜水线的交点；而水线的确定改变了以往人工作图与计算交替进行的不足，尝试用计算机完全代替人工作图，以求有所改进；在舱容计算中，在至少包括舱室前、后壁的范围内拟合横剖面积、面积矩曲线，插值求得任一纵向位置处的剖面，以解决舱室边界条件。

This algorithm involves multi-frame motion compensationk,rate-distortion optimizing strategy with Lagrangian cost function and context-based adaptive arithmetic coding.

根据系统的终点和初始状态，提出了泛横向对称编码和泛纵向对称编码理论，为进一步拓展对称编码理论的应用空间提供了理论基础。

Semiparametric generalized linear model; smoothing spline; GCV; CV; statistical diagnostics; Cook distance; local influence; influence matrices; Laplace expansion; Score test statistics; variance component testing; dispersion parameter; random effects; longitudinal data.

基础科学，数学，概率论、数理统计半参数广义线性模型；光滑样条； GCV法； CV法；统计诊断；广义Cook距离；局部影响；影响矩阵； Laplace展开； Score检验统计量；方差成分检验；离差参数；随机效应；纵向数据

In this article, the principes of systems division in vertical direction and the procedure for determination of influenced area by lateral gravitydriven flow are summarized

本文在近几年研究探索和实践的基础上，总结和阐述了纵向上流体动力系统划分的原理和横向上侧向重力驱动流侵入范围的确定方法。

By the time of its fall, most of the prisoners were writers who had written against the corruptions of the government.

到它被攻陷的时候，里面多数的犯人是写了反对政府贪污文章的作家。

The most obvious variation to ovum morphological character was that the color was changed from light green to sepiaceous in embryonic development, and all the ovums were almost hatched after 96h.

在胚胎发育过程中卵的形态特征最明显的变化是颜色从淡绿到深褐色，卵在发育96h后卵基本全部孵化。