纵向

This paper analyzes quality choices and innovative incentives in a duopoly model of vertical product differentiation.

本文在纵向差异的模型框架下考察了两个厂商的技术选择和创新激励。

ABSTRACT After the ebb-tide of the May 4th Movement, the Chinese modern thoughts and literary circles went from relative unity towards diversity Up to the 1930's, behind the spirit transformation at the end of the twenties, Chinese modern intellectuals began to relocate and redesign their own outlooks on life and literary ideal The Lunyu School, which was led by Zhou Zuoren and Lin Yutang, mostly appeared as leisure humorous essays in some journals, such as Lun Yu, Ren Jian Shi and Yu Zhou Feng which was edited by Lin Yutang It formed an unique landscape at that time This thesis focused on the Lunyu School as the main object of my study I investigate the Lunyu School by putting it into the vertical orbit of changes of the thoughts and literary circles after the May 4th Movement, and by comparing it with the mainstream of Left-wing and other literary schools in the thirties Through the exploration of Lunyu School's political and social thoughts, literary ideas and aspects of prose creation, I pursue the life choice of some free intellectuals in the thirties, and draw psychological outline of an age of intellectuals, which was very complicated and attractive during that specified time and space When we reconsider the rights and wrongs, the merits and demerits, and the gains and losses in theory and creations of Lunyu School intellectuals, any oversimplified study method would be of"no avail but the waste of mind"Unless ample estimation of their own complexity and contradiction is made, furthermore subtly delineates quite a lot of originates which caused these complexity and contradiction, the research will not be valuable In face of the whizzed coming Left-wing movement in literature, Lunyu School acted as a reconsideration in literary modernity such reconsideration is a layer of thinking They introspected intellectuals'essential mind and enlightened reason, querying the impulsive, swift and fierce ideological trend, judging by value in the relations between individuality and society, individuality and era, literature and politics.

五四落潮后，中国现代思想界、文学界由相对统一走向分化，至二十世纪三十年代，现代知识分子经由二十年代末期的精神蜕变，开始重新定位和设计自己的人生观和文学理想。以"京兆布衣"周作人为精神领袖、以林语堂为主帅的论语派，以幽默闲适小品文相号召，在林语堂主编的一系列刊物《论语》、《人间世》、《宇宙风》上聚集，南北呼应，造成了当时文坛的一种独特景观。本论文以论语派为研究对象，将其放在五四以后文学界与思想界变动的纵向轨迹上，放在与三十年代左翼主流话语的颉颃及与其它文学流派的比照中加以考察，通过对论语派政治社会思想、文学观念及散文创作诸方面的探讨，追索三十年代一部分自由知识分子的人生选择，勾划出他们在一个特定时空里复杂又极具魅力的心理轮廓。学术界对论语派中一些主要作家已有较深入的研究，但迄今为止，尚无从整体上对这一文学流派作宏观研究的专著，而陈旧的理论视界又往往阻碍了对论语派的重新评价。

In chapter 5, the dynamic vertical end effect of linear motor is analyzed, which causes eddy current loss and air gap flux decrease.

第五章针对直线电机特有的边缘效应，分析了动态纵向边缘效应的影响，它产生端部涡流损耗，减小气隙磁场。

The edgewise of longitudinal channel beam be agree with the dimension of switchgear body frame.

基础框架纵向槽钢的外延距离应与开关柜本体框架的尺寸一致。

These turbines can be traditional horizontal windmills or vertical eggbeater windmills.

这些传统的涡轮机可以横向或纵向打蛋器风车风车。

In gases,conduction is a result of elastic collision of molecules;in liquids and electrically nonconducting solids,it is believed to be caused by longitudinal oscillations of the lattice structure.

在气体里，传导是molecules；in 液体有弹性碰撞的结果并且电子不传导的固体，它应该由格子结构的纵向动摆造成。

The animate simulation for the coaxial collision of two elastic bars is performed onthe basis of the analyses for the stress waves.

在应力波分析的基础上，对两根弹性杆纵向共轴撞击过程进行了动画模拟。

In thisdissertation,two subjects,which are elastic wave scattering of multiple interfacecylindrical cracks and elastic wave identification method of two dimensional flaw,are mainly investigated.

本文主要针对以下两个方面的问题进行了研究，其一是多个纵向环形界面裂纹的弹性波散射，其二是二维缺陷的弹性波识别方法。

Based on the principle of electromagnetic induction based on the principle, using a solenoid-type vertical electromagnetic stirring method.

以电磁感应原理为基础原理为基础，采用螺线管型纵向电磁搅拌方式。

A piezoelectric motor for generating an elliptic motion by adding a longitudinal vibration to a bending-direction vibration is provided.

本发明提供了一种用于通过将纵向振动加到弯曲方向振动中而产生椭圆运动的压电电机。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。