纵向

Aerodynamical parameters in longitudinal model of a certain type of aeroplane are identified in the paper.

论文研究了利用参数辨识方法确定飞机纵向运动模型参数的问题，在分析飞机特性的基础上选取了飞机纵向小扰动线性运动状态方程和纵向非线性运动方程作为辨识的模型，以某型飞机飞行试验实测数据为例对其进行数据预处理之后辨识了模型中的气动参数。

Degree B-Spline curve is chosen to fit the longitudinal settlement curves, which solves the problem of curvature continuum for joint notes due to its continuous second derivative vector and overcomes the efficiency and accuracy of computing curvature with 3 points by hand.

选取三次B样条方法对隧道纵向累计沉降曲线进行拟合，利用三次B样条曲线二阶导矢连续的特性，解决了拟合曲线在曲线连接点处曲率的连续性问题，克服了以往人工计算隧道曲率半径在效率和准确性方面的缺陷；并在此基础上，推导了隧道纵向变形曲率与纵向螺栓拉应力、相对弯曲与纵向螺栓剪应力之间的关系； 3。

Longitudinal magnification describes the longitudinal conjugated property of ideal optical system ,on mathematic form,it is the slope of the imaging curve.

纵向放大率描述理想光具组的纵向共轭性质，在数学形式上是物象曲线的斜率，从纵向放大率的定义出发，结合物像曲线，分析了理想光具组的纵向共轭规律，并举例说明其实际应用。

A plurality of lengthwise grooves 6 and a plurality of widthwise grooves 7 are formed on the sole 4, wherein the lengthwise grooves 6 extend in a length direction of the shoe 1 mutually in parallel, which are arranged in a widthwise direction of the shoe 1, and the widthwise grooves 7 extend in the width direction of the shoe 1 mutually in parallel between adjacent lengthwise grooves 6, which are arranged in the length direction.

所述鞋底4形成有：多个纵向沟槽6，它们沿所述鞋子1的纵向相互平行地延伸，并且沿所述鞋子的横向排列，多个横向沟槽7，在每对相邻的纵向沟槽6之间沿横向相互平行地延伸，并且沿纵向排列。

In a first lengthwise groove 6a, a second lengthwise groove 6b, and a third lengthwise groove 6c sequentially arranged in the width direction, first widthwise grooves 7a are arranged between the first and the second lengthwise grooves 6a and 6b in the length direction, and second widthwise grooves 7b are arranged between the second and the third lengthwise grooves 6b and 6c in the length direction.

相对于依次地沿所述横向排列的第一纵向沟槽6a、第二纵向沟槽6b和第三纵向沟槽6c，所述第一横向沟槽7a在所述第一和第二纵向沟槽6a，6b之间沿所述纵向排列，所述第二横向沟槽7b在所述第二和第三纵向沟槽6b，6c之间沿所述纵向排列。

According to the shape of breast,this study makes an analysis of the balance of women′s pattern by broadwise and lengthwise way separately,and the concept of breast projection quantity is proposed.

依据人体胸部的具体凸起形态，分别从横向和纵向对胸凸量进行分解，提出横、纵向胸凸量的概念，重点讨论胸部形状对横、纵向胸凸量的影响，并在此基础上进一步分析横、纵向胸凸量的分配对衣身结构平衡及最终版型的影响，以及面料弹性、垫肩及其他相关因素对前衣身胸部凸起造型的影响。

After esterification by BTCA Acoustic properties of picea sitchensis Carr.andChamaecyparis Iawsoniana ParI were changed,(treated/untreated ratio):Loss tangentdecreased 10～2424% in the tangential ofpicea sitchensis Carr,9～17% and 10～22% in thetangential and radial directions of Chamaecyparis Iawsoniana ParI.,respectively.Specificdynamic Young's modulesand acoustic radiation coefficient of two wood changedunremarkably,in the tangential direction with increment of ASE.Specific dynamic Young'smodulesincreased 3～9% in the radial direction.tgδ/E of decreased 9～27% intangential of picea sitchensis Carr,7～14% and 10～26% in the tangential and radial directions ofChamaecyparis Iawsoniana ParI.,respectively.

BTCA酯化处理西特克云杉和美国扁柏木材的声学性能发生了变化，处理材与未处理材比值，损耗角正切tgδ：西特克云杉纵向下降10～24％，美国扁柏下降纵向9～17％，径向10～22％；比动态弹性模量E/ρ：两种树种的纵向变化均不明显，随着ASE上升变化不规则，美国扁柏径向上升3～9％；声辐射阻尼的变化类似于比动态弹性模量E/ρ的变化；tgδ/E：西特克云杉纵向下降9～27％，美国扁柏下降纵向7～14％，径向10～26％。

A non-singular single integral mathematical model is adopted to calculate the external intermittent and alternative longitudinal magnetic field acquired by single axisymmetrical and cylindrical hollow coil t which is coaxial to electrode and excitated by a revisable pulsed current of square wave t in austenitic stainless steel GTA welding.

针对奥氏体不锈钢外加纵向磁场的气体保护钨极电弧焊接时，与电极同轴的单个轴对称空心圆柱线圈在双向脉冲矩形励磁电流作用下产生的间歇交变纵向磁场，采用无暇点单积分磁场的数学模型，对＊TAW焊接外加间歇交变纵向磁场进行了数值计算，该方法具有模型简单、计算速度快和精度高等优点并讨论了该间隙交变纵向磁场的分布、磁场的均匀性及其纵向分量与径向分量的比率等规律及其对焊接行为的影响，认为横磁分量将削弱GTAW外加纵向磁场的有利作用，影响磁控电弧的焊接质量

By compared maximum coupler force and maximum acceleration of car body with common slack coupler at condition of train starting,braking,emergency braking and releasing,we verified that small slack coupler is better than common slack coupler in dynamics performance.This paper also calculated the train dynamics performance parameter with different buffer and braking system,running in different line and using different operating method.

本文利用列车纵向动力学模拟程序，计算了齐齐哈尔车辆公司研制的13号小间隙防脱车钩的纵向动力学性能，通过比较各个车钩间隙下列车最大纵向车钩力和列车最大加速度的数值，得出小间隙车钩在列车启动工况、常用制动工况、紧急制动工况、缓解工况的纵向动力学性能都较原有车钩性能优异的结论。

Saddle shaped AMF can produce a radial expanding force, which has more effective effect on resisting the pinch effect of self-generated azimuthal magnetic field of arc current. This effect of saddle shaped AMF can keep vacuum arc in diffuse mode under much higher current. So the limiting current interruption capacity of vacuum interrupter can be enhanced.

为了进一步提高纵向磁场对真空电弧的控制作用，本文提出在真空灭弧室的触头间引入从触头中心向边缘逐渐增强的非均匀纵向磁场，马鞍形纵向磁场会对真空电弧产生一个径向扩张力，而纵向磁场分布的合理设计可以使这一扩张力进一步抑制真空电弧自生环向磁场对电弧的箍缩作用，从而使真空电弧在更大的电流时仍能保持在扩散态，使真空灭弧室的极限电流开断能力得以提高。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。