纵

Plants forming soboles or stolons; seed surface papillose or reticulate, without longitudinal ridges

植株形成根出条或匍匐茎；种子表面具小乳突的或网状，没有纵脊 32

These relations can be viewed either paradigmatically or syntagmatically,and the elaboration on the main sense relations falls into either of the two axes.

对语义关系的讨论可以沿着横组合关系和纵集合关系这两大中心轴来研究。

Distant metastases to the lungs (n=4), pleura (n=2), brain (n=3), and peritoneum (n=1), and paraaortic, paratracheal, and mediastinal LNs (n=2) were observed. Six of 9 patients (66%) died from tumor dissemination, all with a median overall survival of 4.3 years (range: 1 to 9 y).

此外，远处转移情况如下：肺（4例），胸膜（2例），脑（3例），腹膜（1例），主动脉旁、气管旁和纵膈淋巴结（2例）。6例（66%）死于肿瘤播散，其总体中位生存时间为4.3年（范围：1至9年）。

This paper therefore examines the development of "the folklore Pai-Chang of Peking opera aria in Tainan city" through literature review depth-interview oral history and participant observation The concept frame is culture organism as the vertical axle and elements of a folklore activity as the transverse axle There are several significant findings about the general picture of this subject: During the late period of Japanese colonial era Tainan local people who played Peguan music learned Peking opera aria and tried to bring Peking opera aria into the folklore Pai-Chang which was one kind performance and traditional custom of Peguan music Some people who came from other places and played Peking opera aria had also known or learned "Pai-Chang" with touching Tainan local amateurs "Pai-Chang" used to be performed by amateurs for worship of god or goddess or for seasoning and wedding celebration without rewards Amateurs volunteered to perform "Pai-Chang" only for their duty temples and fraternity of Peking opera aria The majority of the audience is people who perform or like "Pai-Chang" or who live nearby There is a fixed pattern of the performance including the repertoire and the arrangement of the band The main meaning of this performace is to pray God's blessings therefore the procedure of "Ban-Hsian" is the most essential and ahead of Peking opera aria singing With time goes by the number of the amateurs has dropped; yet the demand for the worship ceremony remains; hence some of the amateurs have been trained to become professional performers Besides although the idea and the meaning of "Pai-Chang" remains the pattern of the performance has become simplified and rigid which is because of the performers' number decreasing and market adapting Nowadays the whole ecosystem of the folklore Pai-Chang of Peking opera aria in Tainan city keep changing which is mainly influenced by the transition of the society(such as the time and space of the industrial and commercial society being compressed and most people's pursuing of specialization and utilitarianism etc ) According to the findings in this paper the phenomenon can be regarded as the subject matter both of Peking opera and folklore studies For the studies of the Taiwanese culture however the subject not only enriches the subject matters of the Taiwanese culture(signifies the localization of Peking opera and a new pattern of Taiwanese folklore) but also reflects the characters of diversification integration adaptation and compromise of Taiwanese culture which used to be influenced by different regimes and the historical contexts Facing such a multicultural context this paper thus suggests researchers should show an open-minded attitude toward the complex of the Taiwanese culture studies and then important phenomenon would not be ignored or misunderstood

代表了什麼意义？对於上述疑惑，查既有研究成果，不消没有论述者，具体提即「京调排场」现象的可说没有，基於此，有必要对台南市及其周边之民俗性京调排场，不管是语汇来由或者其现象本身，做一番研究。本研究透过文献、访谈、口述史、参与观察等方法，以文化有机体之纵的发展概念为经，以民俗表演之横切面各主客要素为纬，试图先对此文化现象调查并推论出一概貌：台南市民俗性京调排场的形成，是在京调传入台南，台南本地北管子弟改习或兼习京调后，结合北管音乐文化所固有的排场表演型态及民俗演出传统，融合而成，形成时间至迟在日治晚期。而一些不同时期的外来京调人士(如原本生长於其他地区、后移住台湾的票友，和中国大陆琴师等等)，也曾透过与当地子弟的接触，而习得或知晓「排场」语汇以及本地京调排场习俗者。此项音乐民俗表演在过往多由业余子弟於神诞或民众婚俗做寿时，对其有义务或交陪的庙宇及子弟间做酬酢性的演出，不收报酬；聆赏者多是京调同好与邻近民众，也有少数路过者；演出模式包括节目安排、乐队编制皆有一定；表演意涵上以「扮仙」祈求神明赐福人间最为重要，因此排仙必不可少，且一定先於京调演唱。随著时间推移，京调排场表演活动的各要素都有变动，惟变迁速度不一，大体而言，业余表演者锐减，人们对酬神娱神节目的需求仍在，因此一些过往的业余表演者遂逐渐转型为职业表演者。此外，虽然表演意涵不变，但在职业表演人员少、又要适应市场的情况下，表演模式亦逐渐流於简化、僵化。目前京调排场整体生态仍在转变的过程中，而这种变化应与工商社会时间空间的被压缩、事事追求专业化与尼Q化等因素有关。再者，据此概貌，在结论部分厘清其意义、定位以及其对台湾文化研究之启示。台南市及其周边之民俗性京调排场现象，可视为京剧研究与民俗研究的一环，然而对於台湾文化研究，除了其题材本身标志了京剧的本土化与台湾民俗活动之新类型，进一步扩充整体台湾文化研究的内容外，更重要的是现象背后所反映的台湾文化的多元融合与妥协适应取向。台湾的海岛地理位置与长期被不同文化背景政权所殖民的历史，其文化自然容易随社会环境改变而弹性适应变迁，呈现多元纷呈、多重覆叠的特色，因此展望未来，从事台湾文化研究应秉除单一观点，保持一定程度之开放与客观胸襟，方不忽视或误识更多重要的文化现象。

The sage of Confucius take charge of ancient knowledge,and start the learning of future,he not only carry on the essence of eousness and music civilization that laid down by Zhou dynasty,whatmore,he made it spread all over the world.Developing the thought of tackling problem in a comprensive way which set up by Zhou dynasty,sticking the ethics compared with politics and penality,putting forward the politic tactics through three steps to make people rich populous intelligent.

孔子以&天纵之圣&，&继往圣，开来学&，不仅全面继承了周初开创的&礼乐&文明的真精神，更使之在社会领域全面下移；使周初创立的&礼乐政刑&综合为治的思想得到进一步发展，突出了德教之于政刑的优先地位，提出了&庶之&一&富之&一&教之&的为政三部曲。

Influence of cooling rate, silicon and manganese content on the peritectic reaction and peritectic point of Fe-C alloys has been studied by the experimental data and production data for solving the problem of longitudinal surface cracks.

包晶反应对铸坯表面质量影响严重，笔者针对邯钢CSP生产线的表面纵裂问题，利用实验和生产数据研究了冷却速率和硅、锰合金元素对Fe-C合金的包晶反应和包晶点位置的影响。

Nitrogen deficiency makes phycochrome turn pinkor pale,seedlings become slim and single line for not capable oflongitudinal division.

氮缺乏的症状是细胞色素体颜色浅红，紫菜幼苗苗体细长，不能进行纵分裂，始终保持单列细胞状态。

The bodily center of gravity speed changes along the changing of the swivel posture. In the three axes of X, Y, Z, the speed is pindling and has no appearance difference in the front-to-back direction and left-to-right direction, but speed in the vertical direction is the fastest.The speed of the swinging leg appears three acceleration stages obviously.

在身体转动中无论手臂的引带、跟随或摆动腿的挥摆等动作，正好体现了肢体相对身体纵轴质量分布的改变，从而达到了调整身体转动速度的目的，所以古典芭蕾舞挥鞭腿转720度难度动作是满足动量矩守恒定律的。4。

Male flowers: pedicel articulated at base; sepals 5, free, valvate, initially curved around stamens, later reflexed; petals and disk absent; stamens 5, free, inserted at bases of sepals; filaments short; anthers larger, thecae 2, parallel, introrse, dehiscence longitudinal; pistillode short and broad, peltate.

雄花 花梗有节在基部；萼片5，离生，镊合状，最初在雄蕊周围弯曲，后反折；花瓣和花盘无；雄蕊5，离生，着生在萼片的基部；花丝短；花药大，囊2，平行，内向，纵裂；退化雌蕊短和宽，盾形。

From the analysis of three-dimensional finite element, we get the results that the horizontal-shaped fracture is more stable than the skewed fracture under the same condition in which fracture ends are full of poroma.

纵轴加压或拉伸对肢体远端的位移影响少，而水平轴和矢状轴方向尽管加载力较小，仍能产生肢体远端的较大位移。

Singer Leona Lewis and former Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page emerged as the bus transformed into a grass-covered carnival float, and the pair combined for a rendition of "Whole Lotta Love".

歌手leona刘易斯和前率领的飞艇的吉他手吉米页出现巴士转化为基层所涵盖的嘉年华花车，和一双合并为一移交&整个lotta爱&。

This is Kate, and that's Erin.

这是凯特，那个是爱朗。