纳米

Applying the thermodynamic model, the temperature and the critical grain size of phase transformation can be predicted precisely for the nanocrystalline materials.

在应用界面膨胀模型和普适状态研究纳米晶界面热力学特性的基础上，发展了纳米晶整体材料热力学函数的计算模型，给出了以纳米晶界面上的原子分数作为权重的纳米晶体单相材料的焓、熵、自由能随界面过剩体积、温度以及晶粒尺寸发生变化的明确表达式。

Worn surface morphology was examined with scanning electron microscopy, and wear volume was measured with a Talysurf 5P-120 topographer. Results show that CNTs, in mass concentration of 0.01%~0.1%, can greatly improve the antiwear ability of lubricating oil. With addition of CNTs, the maximum reduction of wear rate is about 57%, and scratches on the worn surfaces become slighter and more uniform. The maximum decrease of friction coefficient is about 15% with 0.025% CNTs additive at the load of 300 N. The antiwear mechanism has been discussed.

结果表明：碳纳米管作为润滑油添加剂表现出优良的抗磨性能，在质量分数仅为0.0125%～0.1000%时，润滑油的抗磨性能显著提高；在质量分数约为0.0500%时其抗磨效果最佳，磨损率降低幅值达57%；在较高载荷下，添加0.0250%的碳纳米管能够使其摩擦系数减小约15%，但随着碳纳米管质量分数的增加，摩擦系数迅速提高；含碳纳米管润滑油的磨斑表面平整，划痕较细且分布均匀。

The afterglow of the 4f-4f and charge-transfer transition of the trivalence rare earth ions has been prepared by the incorporation of the RE〓 into Y〓O〓S host.

我们同时也合成出了具有纳米管和纳米棒状的准一维铝酸盐纳米结构。并在中等带隙ZnO（3.3eV）半导体中掺入稀土离子来对其纳米结构的生长形貌和光致发光性能进行调制。

The preparation method is characterized in that:(1) at minus 10 DEG C to 10 DEG C, a chloroauric acid solution with a certain concentration is added into a nano-Pt/C catalyst by ultrasonic or stirring mixture and the atomic ratio of Pt to Au is controlled between 18:1 and 5:1;(2) a small amount of monohydric alcohol or dihydric alcohol or trihydric alcohol of C1-C3 is added and is stirred at minus 10 DEG C to 10 DEG C for 10 min to 5h, so as to prepare the carbon-loading Pt-Au bimetallic nano electro-catalyst;(3) if necessary, the catalyst obtained by the step (2) is treated for 0.5 to 4h at high temperature ranging from 100 DEG C to 700 DEG C in the inert or reducing atmosphere, so as to adjust and control the grain size of the Pt-Au bimetallic nano electro-catalyst.

本发明涉及了一种高稳定性碳载Pt-Au双金属纳米电催化剂的制备方法，其特征在于：(1)在-10～10℃中，将一定浓度氯金酸溶液加入到纳米Pt/C催化剂中经超声或搅拌混合，控制Pt∶Au的原子比为18∶1-5∶1；(2)添加少量C 1 -C 3 的一元、二元或三元醇类，在-10～10℃下搅拌10min-5h，制备了碳载铂金双金属纳米电催化剂；(3)视需要，可将步骤(2)得到的催化剂在惰性气氛或还原气氛中经100～700℃高温处理0.5-4h，可调控Pt-Au/C双金属纳米催化剂的粒径。

Nano particle after being dispersed fully is added into A1, TiO2 and C powder in the suspension, and through fully mixing and combusting composition, loose blank of nano composite Al2O3-TiC base ceramic is obtained; and the blank is crushed, ball milled and hot pressed to densify, nano composite Al2O3-TiC base ceramic is obtained, which ontains Al2O3 40-55 wt%, TiC 25-48 wt%, nano phase 0.1-25 wt% and sintering assistant 0-2 wt%.

以重量百分比计，将纳米粒子充分分散后，以悬浮液的形式加入Al、TiO2、C粉末中，经充分混合后进行燃烧合成，得到Al2O3－TiC基纳米复合陶瓷的疏松坯体；将燃烧合成所得的坯体破碎、球磨后，进行热压致密化处理，制得含有三氧化二铝40.0－55.0％，碳化钛25.0－48.0％，纳米相0.1－25.0％，烧结助剂0－2.0％的Al2O3－TiC基纳米复合陶瓷材料。

Ultra-micro structure of dolomite is investigated, we put forward that interface chemistry and geochemistry in nanometer hole should affect on the dolomization.

发现苏皖凹凸棒石粘土中白云石属于纳米颗粒，研究了白云石超微观结构特征，提出纳米孔界面化学和地球化学对白云石化的可能影响，初步模拟实验验证白云石化与纳米孔界面化学、纳米孔地球化学的关联，白云石交代过程中成分转化和结构转化的多步骤过程。

Pt nano particles decorated with nafion ionomers were synthesized and used as electrocatalyst in proton exchange membrane fuel celldue to plentiful proton channels provided by the enwrapping polymers.Then decorated Pt particles were deposited on carbon nanotubes,which enwind each other into interconnect nets and form the framework of the catalyst layer for PEM fuel cell.

介绍了Nafion聚合物作为修饰离子，合成具有原位质子导电能力的纳米Pt颗粒；TEM分析显示Pt颗粒的平均粒径为4nm，颗粒之间界限明显，分散状态良好；将这种离子导体修饰的纳米Pt沉积到纳米碳管表面作为质子交换膜燃料电池催化电极，纳米碳管相互缠绕在催化层形成交联的电子通道。

Although the SWNTs are higheractive, their price is great higher than that of MWNTs, so we try to functionalize theMWNTs with the same method.

尽管单壁碳纳米管的活性高于多壁碳纳米管，但其制备成本远高于多壁碳纳米管，因此我们也尝试了用沉淀聚合方法改性多壁碳纳米管。

Simple method is described to functionalize the surface and to modify the structures of multi-walled carbon nanotubes grown on silicon substrates using chromium trioxide (CrO3) solution.

bstract 采用铬酸溶液对碳纳米管进行后处理，旨在修饰碳纳米管的表面形态及改变碳纳米管的表面结构，进一步增强碳纳米管的场发射特性。

A simple method is described to functionalize the surface and to modify the structures of multiwalled carbon nanotubes grown on silicon substrates using chromium trioxide (CrO3) solution.

采用铬酸溶液对碳纳米管进行后处理，旨在修饰碳纳米管的表面形态及改变碳纳米管的表面结构，进一步增强碳纳米管的场发射特性。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。