纲领

Now, Newton's theory of gravitation, Einstein's relativity theory, quantum mechanics, Marxism, Freudism, are all research programmes, each with a characteristic hard core stubbornly defended, each with its more flexible protective belt and each with its elaborate problem-solving machinery.

牛顿的万有引力理论、爱因斯坦的相对论、量子力学、马克思主义、弗洛伊德主义都是研究纲领，它们各有一个受到顽强保护的独特的硬核，各有自己较为灵活的保护带，并且各有自己精心考虑的解题手段。

But none has challenged the front-runner's platform and opposition campaign advertising is barely visible.

但是没有任何人来挑战梅德韦杰夫的竞选纲领，而且很少能看见反对派的竞选广告。

The critical ingredient that was lacking was a genuine Marxist party, rooted among workers as well as students, which could have emerged from underground conditions to fructify the mass movement with a clear programme and correct tactics.

但问题是在于当时缺乏实现这一目标的至关重要的因素，也就是缺乏一个真正的、深深扎根于工人与学生中的、能在每一个关键的转折点从下而上地以清晰的纲领、战术和口号去引导群众运动的马克思主义政党。

Some candidates choose the latter and embark on a whirlwind tour of the policy world, weighing in on just about every issue and offering specific, programmatic details. It's what John Kerry did in 2004, John McCain and Al Gore did in 2000, and Dick Gephardt did in 1988 — to just name a few. It's not a coincidence that all these candidates were legislators, and none of them won.

一些候选人选择了后者，从政治世界的漩涡着手，提出每一件事情的特别的纲领式的操作方法。2004年的约翰·克里，2000年的约翰·麦凯恩和阿尔·戈尔和1988年的迪克·盖哈德都是这么做的——我们只是提几个名字，所有这些候选人都是立法者，他们都失败了，这并不是巧合。

Take as our main text, the Critique of the Gotha Programme.

看我们的主要文本《哥达纲领批判》。

These appear in Critique of Gotha programme - look in detail as the second topic.

这个问题出现在《哥达纲领批判》中--具体详见第二个论题。

In the Critique of the Gotha Programme , Marx characterized this principle of distribution as bourgeois right , to indicate that it is on the same principle that operates under capitalism .

在《哥达纲领批判》中，马克思把这种分配原则称作"资产阶级权利"，用以说明它是在资本主义下也实行的同样的原则。

They have no immediate goal, however, for the socialization of the private sector, so that these economies have not entered the two-stage process discussed in the Critique of the Gotha Programme or in Lenin's elaboration of it in State and Revolution .

然而，它们并没有把对私人部门的社会化当作直接的目标，所以这些经济都还没有进入《哥达纲领批判》所论述的或列宁在《国家与革命》中所描述的那个"两阶段"的进程。

The 1970s, Marx wrote "Critique of the Gotha Program", La Salle's political, economic and strategic point of view thinking was harshly criticized at the same time profoundly expounded the basic principles of scientific socialism.

七十年代，马克思写了《哥达纲领批判》，对拉萨尔主义的政治观点、经济观点和策略思想进行了严厉的批判，同时深刻地阐明了科学社会主义的基本原理。

Kai Nielsen has given a serious interpretation of Gritique of the Gotha Program from the perspective of political philosophy, holding that Marx has a sense of justice and that Marx's criticism on the Capitalism is a theory-laden empirical comment and a moral judgment.

凯尼尔森从政治哲学的角度对《哥达纲领批判》进行了较为本真的解读，认为马克思葆有一种正义观，马克思对资本主义的批判是被理论渗透的经验论述和道德评价。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。