纱线

In order to simulate more realistic three-dimensional yarn, the essence of a soft yarn appearance and main problems of soft yarn appearance simulation was analyzed. The main factors on impact of soft yarn appearance were defined, which included of fiber length, fiber fineness, yarn means, yarn twist and direction twist and yam bulkiness.

为了模拟真实感较强的三维纱线，从纱线的本质分析入手，探讨柔性纱线模拟过程存在的主要问题，确定影响纱线外观模拟的主要因素有纤维的长度和细度、纱线的细度、捻度和蓬松度等。

To research yarn displacement of min-jacquard fabric,yarn displacement reason,condition and regularity were discussed by analyzed the configuration relation of warp raiser and weft raiser in yarn face float,the design principle of jacquard fabric was got,which are close face float should fixed,especially in crosslinking.The measure to resolve yarn displacement is aborative design,reasonable reed-in,tension adjustment,beam quality enhancement,and the examples are given.

为了研究小提花织物的纱线位移，对纱线的浮长进行了细分，通过分析相邻两根纱线上浮长线两端经纬浮点的对应配置关系，探讨了纱线位移的成因、条件和规律，得出小提花织物的设计原则是织物中任何两根相邻纱线上的浮长线都要尽可能相互固定好，特别是在两种组织的交界处，并提出解决纱线位移的具体途径是精心设计、合理穿筘、调整上机张力、提高织轴质量，同时给以举例说明。

Because wreath tablet the hair feather of the yarn appearance with spin cotton serial number, yarn Nian degree, thin spindles soon, the involution take shape all of etc.s to spin cotton craft parameter to have direct influence, in the meantime because of wreath tablet the hair feather of the yarn appearance have no rule, at yarn surface of distribute and present random, even each segment of yarn length of same yarn size reflection of the hair feather be average value, the hair feather of various length value usually difference also big.

由于环锭纱线的毛羽状态与纺纱号数、纱线捻度、细纱锭速、卷绕成形大小等纺纱工艺参数有直接影响，同时由于环锭纱线的毛羽形态无规则性，在纱线表面的分布呈随机性，即使同一纱线大小纱各段长度反映的毛羽平均值，各种长度的毛羽值往往差异也大。

A first pair of additional yarns (20, 22) are intermeshed in a first intermeshing pattern repeat with the MD yarns outwardly of the endmost of the CMD yarns at one of the opposed ends and a second pair of additional yarns (24, 26) are intermeshed in a second intermeshing pattern repeat with the MD yarns outwardly of the endmost of the CMD yarns at the other of the opposed ends.

第一对附加纱线(20、22)在所述相对端的一端处的最外端CMD纱线外侧以第一交织图案循环与MD纱线交织；第二对附加纱线(24、26)在所述相对端的第二端处的所述最外端CMD纱线外侧以第二交织图案循环与MD纱线交织。

The details of the research include: By studying the structure of the natural bamboo fiber, make the basic morphological structure and the degree of crystallization clear; By studying the mechanical property of the fiber, make the feature of mechanical property of the natural bamboo fiber clear; By studying the mechanical property of the pure yarn and its blends, make the feature of mechanical property of the yarn clear; and we also study the mechanical property changes of the pure yarn and its blends in the hygrometric state different temperature state and after mercerization and alkali shrinkage.

研究内容包括：通过对天然竹原纤维结构的研究，探明竹原纤维的基本形态特征和结晶度等特征；通过对天然竹原纤维机械性能的研究，探明竹原纤维的力学性能特点；通过对竹原纤维纯纺、混纺纱线力学性能研究，探明其纱线的力学性能特点；研究在湿态条件下，竹原纤维纯纺、混纺纱线力学性能的变化特点；研究在不同温度条件下，竹原纤维纯纺、混纺纱线力学性能的变化特点；研究在丝光、碱缩条件下，竹原纤维纯纺、混纺纱线力学性能的变化特点。

The paper reviews the development in the analytical theory of mechanical behavior of composites, pointing out the problems existed, presenting creatively the concept of yarn state, solving the descriptive problem of perform structure of any woven composites and laying the foundation for predetermining the elastic behavior of 3-d woven composites with computer. On the basis of yarn state, the relative cross section deformation theory is introduced, the yarn cross section deformation is studied, and the experiential formula is described in the paper on the basis of experiment. The crimping state of yarn is studied, the classical "straight warp view"is modified, and the crimp height value of crimped yarn is studied. At the same time, with shrinkage rate sine method, the paper proposes the idea which imitate the shape of crimped yarn. With the third power template curve, the paper describes the microgeometry structure of fabric, finding a brief and precise approach for the calculation of mechanical behavior of composites.

本文回顾了复合材料力学性能分析理论的发展，指出了存在的问题，创造性地提出了纱态概念，解决了任意结构机织复合材料预制件结构表征问题，进而为用计算机预报三维机织复合材料的弹性性能打下了基础；基于纱态概念，提出了相对截面变形理论，研究了纱线截面变形情况，在实验的基础上给出了纱线截变经验公式；研究了纱线屈曲状态，修正了传统的&地经纱直线论&，提出了以纱线缩率研究屈曲峰谷值的思想，同时以三次样条曲线拟合了纱线的卷曲形状，较好地描述了织物的细观几何结构，为复合材料力学性能的计算找到了一条既比较简便又比较精确的途径。

During hollow spindle spinning, the yarn package rotates at a high speed, yarn untwists from the package and forms a balloon. The yarn balloon phenomenon exists commonly in spinning processes. The shape of yarn balloon is a general displacement of the forces acts on the balloon yarn. There is a close relationship between the yarn balloon shape and the forces acts on the balloon. The balloon shape is decided by the spinning force, on the contrary, we can find the value of the spinning force according to the yarn balloon shape. To a great extent, the spinning tension impacts the yarn structure and quality.

空心锭子纺纱过程中，纱线卷装随锭子高速转动并退绕，因而产生了气圈现象，气圈是纺纱过程中比较普遍的现象，气圈的形态是纺纱过程中气圈纱线受力的综合体现，纱线张力与气圈形态密切相关，纱线张力决定了气圈形态，反之则可根据气圈形态算出纱线张力，纺纱张力在很大程度上会影响成纱的结构和质量，而纺纱张力不便直接测量，因此通过观察气圈形态来估计纺纱张力是十分可行的。

The yarn change device for selecting a yarn at a location between a plurality of kinds of feeder packages of different color or the like and the feeder of a knitting machine and feeding the yarn to the feeder of the knitting machine while piecing the selected yarn and a yarn being knitted, comprises a suction means (28) for suction-holding a plurality of yarns collectively, and a clamp means (29) for clamping the plurality of yarns collectively at a location between the suction means and the feeder packages, wherein the clamp means comprises first and second clampers (29A, 29B) arranged at two positions along the thread handling area and operating selectively.

该纱线切换装置在颜色等不同的多种喂纱筒子和织机的喂纱装置之间选择纱线，并把被选择了的选择纱与织成中的织成纱进行接头，从而向织机的喂纱装置喂纱，具备：将多根纱线一并吸引而保持的吸引机构(28)、以及在上述吸引机构与上述喂纱筒子之间将多根纱线一并夹持的夹持机构(29)，上述夹持机构沿着纱线道而被配置成两处，包括选择地动作的第一夹持器(29A)和第二夹持器(29B)。

An apparatus made by our lab is used for direct measurement of torque of yarns. The torque-twist relation curves, torque-relaxation behavior of several kinds of yarns at room temperature and heat-setting temperature are given. After analyzing the difference of different yarn torque it can be found that the special structures of composite yarns made of polyester filament and wool staple fibers mainly cause the high residual torque.

应用自行研制的直接测量纱线扭矩装置，这里测试数种纱线的扭矩-捻度关系曲线及其在常温和热状态下的扭应力松弛关系曲线，分析相同捻度下各种纱线扭矩差异的根源，发现涤长丝与毛短纤复合纱线的特殊结构是造成复合纱线残余扭矩较大的主要原因。

Twists of two PET filament/wool and PET staple Sirofil composite yarns are tested by the longest-untwisted yarn method which is proposed by author here, and compared with the results tested by twist break method and untwist-retwist method.

捻度是纺织纱线重要的结构因素或特征。捻度与纱线的许多性质有关，例如纱线的拉伸强度、纱线纵向和横截面形态、尺寸和结构稳定性、纱线的光泽、手感风格等。无论是短纤纱、长丝纱，还是长丝/短纤维复合纱都是如此。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。