纪律的

The author mainly presents his ideas in this thesis from the following aspects: To perfect Chinese sports law, China should have its own sports arbitration system so that the law could catch up with the development of Chinese sports and international sports as well; The popularity of Sports arbitration institutions and the lawfulness of arbitration procedures and verdict effect make sports arbitration quasi-judicial; As long as sports arbitration is listed in the regulations of sports organizations, it could be applied for its compulsiveness; sports arbitration is supposed to address the disputes caused by the such major problems like the registration, circulation, and qualifications of the sportsman, and disputes caused by the contracts in sports activities; Mediation procedure and immediate arbitration procedure should be given special attention in the establishment of arbitration procedures; Sports arbitration should be neutral in solving disputes, and should be a qualified sports worker.

本文认为，为完善中国体育法制建设，适应中国竞技体育发展的实际需求并与国际惯例接轨，中国应尽快设立体育仲裁制度：体育仲裁机构的民间性以及仲裁程序和裁决效力的司法性，使得体育仲裁的性质具有准司法性；体育仲裁机构应具有民间性特征，体育仲裁员必须确保中立并具有体育知识素质；体育仲裁具有强制性的特征，只要体育组织的章程或规则中有体育仲裁的规定，即可申请体育仲裁；体育仲裁的范围应限于竞技体育领域中因体育组织的纪律处罚所引起的纠纷，因运动员注册、转会、流动以及参赛资格等体育专业问题所引起的纠纷，因竞技体育活动中的合同关系引起的纠纷等；体育仲裁的程序建构要突出调解程序和快速仲裁程序；体育仲裁也应具有类似于国际商事仲裁的"一裁终局"的效力；由于自身的缺陷，法院可以对体育仲裁裁决予以适当的司法审查，给当事人一个程序化的救济权利的机制。

He made codes like Justinian, he dictated like Caesar, his conversation was mingled with the lightning-flash of Pascal, with the thunderclap of Tacitus, he made history and he wrote it, his bulletins are Iliads, he combined the cipher of Newton with the metaphor of Mahomet, he left behind him in the East words as great as the pyramids, at Tilsit he taught Emperors majesty, at the Academy of Sciences he replied to Laplace, in the Council of State be held his own against Merlin, he gave a soul to the geometry of the first, and to the chicanery of the last, he was a legist with the attorneys and sidereal with the astronomers; like Cromwell blowing out one of two candles, he went to the Temple to bargain for a curtain tassel; he saw everything; he knew everything; which did not prevent him from laughing good-naturedly beside the cradle of his little child; and all at once, frightened Europe lent an ear, armies put themselves in motion, parks of artillery rumbled, pontoons stretched over the rivers, clouds of cavalry galloped in the storm, cries, trumpets, a trembling of thrones in every direction, the frontiers of kingdoms oscillated on the map, the sound of a superhuman sword was heard, as it was drawn from its sheath; they beheld him, him, rise erect on the horizon with a blazing brand in his hand, and a glow in his eyes, unfolding amid the thunder, his two wings, the grand army and the old guard, and he was the archangel of war!

他象查士丁尼那样制定法典，象恺撒那样独理万机，他的谈吐兼有帕斯加尔的闪电和塔西佗的雷霆，他创造历史，也写历史，他的战报是诗篇，他把牛顿的数字和穆罕默德的妙喻糅合在一起，他在东方留下了象金字塔那样高大的训谕；他在提尔西特把朝仪教给各国帝王，他在科学院里和拉普拉斯争鸣，他在国务会议上和梅尔兰辩论，他经心整饬纪律，悉力排难解纷，他象检察官一样了解法律，象天文学家一样了解天文；象克伦威尔吹灭两支蜡烛中的一支那样，他也到大庙①去为一粒窗帘珠子讨价还价；他见到一切，他知道一切，这并不妨碍他伏在他小儿子的摇篮上笑得象个天真烂漫的人；突然，惊骇中的欧洲屏息细听，大军源源开拔了，炮队纷纷滚动了，长江大河上建起了浮桥，狂风中驰聘着漫山遍野的骑兵，叫喊声，号角声，所有的宝座全震动了，所有的王国的国境线全在地图上摇晃起来了，人们听到一把超人的宝剑的出鞘声，人们看见他屹立在天边，手里烈焰飞腾，眼里光芒四射，霹雳一声，展开了他的两翼，大军和老羽林军，威猛天神也不过如此！

Paul would have had the Corinthian Church put in force, the power of admission and exclusion, of the authoritative declaration of the forgiveness of sins, in the exercise of which power (as it seems to the present writer) the authority for the administration of the Holy Sacraments is also involved.

在真正意义上，因此，这是相当的行政，纪律处分的权力，权力的钥匙'，如圣保禄会已科林斯教会提出的在武力，权力，入学和排斥的，权威的宣言该罪的赦免，在行使权力（因为它似乎是目前的作家）的权力，政府的神圣圣礼也参与。

I will compress them within the narrowest compass they will bear, staling the general principle, but not all its limitations. Equal and exact justice to all men, of whatever state or persuasion, religious or political; peace, commerce, and honest friendship with all nations, entangling alliances with none; the support of the State governments in all their rights, as the most competent administrations for our domestic concerns and the surest bulwarks against antirepublican tendencies; the preservation of the General Government in its whole constitutional vigor, as the sheet anchor of our peace at home and safety abroad; a jealous care of the right of election by the people--a mild and safe corrective of abuses which are lopped by the sword of revolution where peaceable remedies are unprovided; absolute acquiescence in the decisions of the majority, the vital principle of republics, from which is no appeal but to force, the vital principle and immediate parent of despotism; a well-disciplined militia, our best reliance in peace and for the first moments of war, till regulars may relieve them; the supremacy of the civil over the military authority; economy in the public expense, that labor may be lightly burthened; the honest payment of our debts and sacred preservation of the public faith; encouragement of agriculture, and of commerce as its handmaid; the diffusion of information and arraignment of all abuses at the bar of the public reason; freedom of religion; freedom of the press, and freedom of person under the protection of the habeas corpus, and trial by juries impartially selected.

我打算尽量简略地加以陈述，只讲一般原则，而不讲其全部范畴：不管人们的地位、宗教信仰或政治主张有何不同，人人都应得到平等和绝对公正的待遇；与所有国家和平相处，互相通商，并保持诚挚的友谊，但不与任何国家结盟，以免纠缠不清；维护各州政府的一切权利，使它们成为处理我们内政最合适的机构，以及抵制反共和趋势的最有力的屏障；维护全国的政府，使之能充分行使宪法赋予的权力，从而成为对内和平和对外安全的最后堡垒；要十分注意维护人民的选举权，因为革命留下的弊端，一时没有和平的补救办法，而人民选举权乃是对那些弊端的一种温和而安全的矫正手段；要绝对服从多数的决定，这是共和政体的主要原则，离开这个原则，便只好诉诸武力，而这就是专制的主要原则和直接起源；要维持一支纪律严明的民团，以作为和平时期和战争初期的最好依仗，直至正规军来接替；实行文权高於军校的政制；节省政府开支，减轻劳动人民的负担；如实偿还我们的债务，把维护政府的信用看作神圣的义务；促进农业发展，并鼓励以商辅农；传播知识并以公众理智为依据谴责一切弊端；保障宗教自由及出版自由，并以人身保护令以及由公平选出的陪审团进行审判来保障人身自由。

We believe that the church, consisting of all true believers, being Christ's own, and indwelt by the Holy Spirit, is the Body of Christ, the invisible church; that the church is holy, universal, and one in Christ; that the invisible church manifests itself in the visible church, local congregations consisting of all who profess to believe in Christ and are baptized; that as the people of God and a kingdom of priests the church is called to grow unto the stature of the fullness of Christ and to fulfill her mission through the exercise of the gifts of the Holy Spirit, in worship, sacraments, fellowship, discipline, and service.

所有真信徒属於基督，是圣灵的居所，是基督的身体，亦是无形的教会；教会在基督里是圣洁、普世性与合一的。无形的教会藉有形的教会表明出来，地方的教会包括一切心信口认基督而且接受洗礼，作为上帝的子民、祭司的国度。教会必须渐渐长大，满有基督长成的身量，藉著运用圣灵的恩赐在崇拜、圣礼、团契、纪律与服事、见证等事上完成宣教的圣工。

Ordinary questions of discipline are in the ordinary course settled in councils, often held with the assent of the kings, but on great occasions -- at the Councils of Epaone (517), of Vaison (529), of Valence (529), of Orléans (538), of Tours (567)-- the bishops do not fail to declare that they are acting under the impulse of the Holy See, or defer to its admonitions; they take pride in the approbation of the pope; they cause his name to be read aloud in the churches, just as is done in Italy and in Africa they cite his decretals as a source of ecclesiastical law; they show indignation at the mere idea that anyone should fail in consideration for them.

普通的纪律问题是正常经营过程中解决的理事会，往往与同意的国王，但在伟大的场合-在议会E paone（ 5 17），对V aison（ 5 29），价（ 5 29），中奥尔良（ 538人），图尔（ 567 ）-主教不失败宣布，他们正在采取行动的冲动下的罗马教廷，或推迟到告诫他们感到自豪的认可，教皇；它们所造成的名称朗读的教堂，就像是在意大利和非洲，他们列举了decretals作为一个来源的教会法；它们显示愤慨，仅仅是想法，任何人不应该考虑他们。

The bureaucratic organization, to be specifically, has the exactness to deal with the complexity, because it is based on the rational principles, and comes by rational calculation; It has the stability because it is based on the stable rules and hierarchy structure; It has the "reliability" on implementation of administrative goals, because personal factors are removed, the probability of making mistakes is minished under the strict "discipline" and appointment of qualified employees.

具体地说，在应对复杂性上，官僚制组织是按照理性的原则建立起来的，其组织分工和工作程序都是经过理性算计的，更具有&精确性&；以稳定的规章制度和稳固的科层制结构为基础，具有&稳定性&；由于排除管理中的人格因素，严格按照&纪律&来推行工作，就相对减小了工作出错的概率；任用经过培训的合格人员，按照专业分工将复杂的事务分解开来，因而在实现规定的行政目标方面，具有&可靠性&。

The seventh century brought with It a relaxation, not indeed in canonical penance, but in the ecclesiastical control; on the other hand, there was an increase in the number of crimes which demanded a fixed penance if discipline was to be maintained; besides, many hereditary rights of a particular nature, which had led to a certain mitigation of the universal norm of penance, had to be taken into consideration; substitutes and so-called redemptiones, which consisted in pecuniary donations to the poor or to public utilities, gradually gained entrance and vogue; all this necessitated the drawing up of comprehensive lists of the various crimes and of the penances to be imposed for them, so that a certain uniformity among confessors might be reached as to the treatment of penitents and the administration of the sacraments.

第七世纪带来了一个放松，而不是实际上在典型的忏悔，但在教会控制；另一方面，有越来越多的罪行，要求一个固定的忏悔，如果纪律是要保持，而且，许多遗传性权利的特殊性质，这导致了一定缓解的普遍规范的忏悔，不得不加以考虑；替代品和所谓的redemptiones ，其中包括在金钱捐献给穷人或公共事业，逐步入口和时尚；所有这一切，必须制定全面列出的各种罪行和penances强加的，所以在一定程度上的统一性confessors之间可能达成的待遇penitents和管理圣礼。

When we notice, out of solicitude for our said pastoral office, that church discipline and the pattern of a sound and upright life are worsening, disappearing and going further astray from the right path throughout almost all the ranks of Christ's faithful, with a disregard for law and with exemption from punishment, as a result of the troubles of the times and the malice of human beings, it must be feared that, unless checked by a well-guided improvement, there will be a daily falling into a variety of faults under the security of sin and soon, with the appearance of public scandals, a complete breakdown.

当我们注意到，在我们表示慰问农牧厅，该教会的纪律和模式的健全和正直的生活正在恶化，将进一步消失，误入歧途从正确的道路上几乎所有的整个队伍的基督信徒，并无视法律和免除处罚，所造成的麻烦时代和恶意的人，必须担心，除非检查良好的引导改善，将每日落入了各种故障下安全的罪孽，并很快与公众的出现丑闻，完全崩溃。

It is true that the disciplinary and legislative power of the popes has not always, in the course of centuries, been exercised in the same manner and to the same extent, but in proportion as the administration became centralized, their direct intervention in legislation became more and more marked; and so the sovereign pontiff is the most fruitful source of canon law; he can abrogate the laws made by his predecessors or by Ecumenical councils; he can legislate for the whole church or for a part thereof, a country or a given body of individuals; if he is morally bound to take advice and to follow the dictates of prudence, he is not legally obliged to obtain the consent of any other person or persons, or to observe any particular form; his power is limited only by Divine law, natural and positive, dogmatic and moral.

这是事实纪律和立法权力的教皇并非始终，在这个过程中的几个世纪以来一直在行使同样的方式和同样的程度，但在比例，因为政府当局便更加集中，他们之间的直接干预，在立法中也变得更为并更加明显；等主权教宗是最富有成果的来源，教会法，他可以废除法律作出他的前任或合一议会；他可以立法，为整个教会或稍后的一个部分时，一个国家或某一身体的个人，如果他是在道义上有义务采取谘询，并遵循许可为慎重起见，他并没有在法律上有义务获得同意任何其他人或多人，或观察到任何特定形式，他的权力是有限的，只有神法律，自然和积极的，教条式的道德。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。