级联法

A new design method called "direct design by cascading coupled microstrip sections" is presented in this paper.

本文提出一种新的设计方法：耦合线节级联直接设计法。

They can also be used for such materials as following:making planes and spacecrafts,screening high-speed neutron reactors,a superconductor in electrical appliance industry,The vanadium compound can be used as a caterlyzer in sulphuric acid industry,a mixture of ethylene and propylene in symthetic rubber and a desulfurizer in oil-refinery ,an oxidizer in making nylon,pesticide,polyvinyl chloride,a non-propylene decarbonizer in chemical fertilizer industry,amilioration of A.D.A.non poisonkous desulpurtion.

我公司生产的五氧化二钒99.5级，99级，98级以及偏钒酸铵，用途广泛，它可制取金属钒和钒合金，用于钢铁冶炼\机械，飞机以及宇宙飞船制造等行业，快中子反应堆的屏蔽材料和电子工业的超导材料，钒化物应用于硫酸工业催化剂，合成橡胶的乙烯和丙烯交联，石油精炼中的脱硫，尼龙，农药，塑料聚氯乙烯制造的氧化，化肥工业的笨非尔无毒脱碳，改良A，D，A法无毒脱硫，钒化物还因其色泽艳丽而作为颜料应用到玻璃，陶瓷，医药等行业，钒酸盐也是印染业良好的媒染剂。

In general cases, state equation for the multiple cascaded networks can be established with the method of state equation, but it is very difficult to resolve it.

一般说，利用状态方程法是可以为多级级联网络建立状态方程的，但求解状态方程是困难的。

Finally, For the first time, the Ritz variational based mode matching method using new basis functions is proposed to deal with a discontinuity region. The general process to construct the linear equation group is developed, and the equation group's rank is only half of that of the cascading treatment. Thus the efficiency can be increased.

还首次采用新型基函数并利用里兹变分法和模式匹配法提出了构造处理一段不连续性问题的线性方程组的一般理论，方程阶数可比常规的级联处理方法降低一倍，可提高计算效率。

Finally, three kinds of the active negative resistance resonator circuits are discussed, and the CAD results are presented.

本文研究了两种微波有源滤波器的设计方法，它们是负阻电路法和网络级联法。

NBR/modified montmorillonite and NR/HMMT nanocomposites were prepared by the mixing intercalation method with the monomers resorcin and hexamethylenetetramine complex . XRD and TEM showed that the interlayer spacing of HMMT had got much larger with RH addition and the layers of HMMT had dispersed in rubber matrix on nanometers. FTIR and crosslinking density results explained that chemical reaction had occurred between RH and rubber in the course of vulcanization, which improved the crosslinking density of rubber and enhanced the interaction between the rubber and HMMT.

采用单体混炼插层法，引入间苯二酚-六次甲基四胺的络合物，制备了橡胶／改性蒙脱土插层纳米复合材料。X-射线衍射分析表明：RH的加入使蒙脱土层间距不断扩大；TEM观察到无机片层在橡胶基体中纳米级分散；FTIR和交联密度的分析发现，在硫化过程中RH与橡胶发生化学键合反应，同时与改性蒙脱土相互作用，使得体系交联密度提高。

With the support of a major research grant of Zhejiang Province (No. 001101027) and the Plan of Promoting Education of Excellence of Zhejiang University in the 21st Century, this dissertation is devoted to address the above problems and fabricate an L-band EDFA with low cost, high performance and technological innovation.First the mechanism of an erbium doped fiber amplifier is introduced. Various theoretical models based on classical rate propagation equations are summarized and compared for their applications. We use a modified numerical model based on the Giles model, which agrees with the experimental results well. This serves as the theoretical base for the whole thesis and will be used to optimize the characteristics of EDFAs. A novel method based on a map of noise figure and gain is proposed to analyze efficiently the dependence of the noise figure and gain for EDFAs on the EDF length and the pump power. The characteristics of various EDFAs are studied and compared.Secondly, some important parameters are introduced to describe the characteristics of EDFAs. The methods and the experimental setups for measuring the gain and noise figure of an EDFA are emphasized. We introduce how to measure the characteristics of each component of an EDFA, especially the gain and absorption coefficient of an erbium doped fiber.Thirdly, four types of simple and novel L-band EDFA structures with low noise, high gain and low gain ripple are proposed to satisfy the requirement of a DWDM system. They can be classified into two categories. In the first category, a single ASE pumping is served asa secondary pump. This category includes the following three types. Type: a new construction using a fiber Bragg grating in an unpumped EDF section at the input side. Type: a new structure of L-Band EDFA with two-stage pumps, which utilizes the forward ASE as a second pump.

本论文本着科技创新、服务于生产实践的精神，以设计价格低廉，性能优越、结构合理简单的L-band EDFA为目标，依托浙江省科技厅重大科学基金资助项目(001101027)和浙江大学振兴教育计划资助的全光网络的搭建—《光通信技术》课程实验建设项目，展开了如下工作：首先，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器的工作原理，归纳总结了基于速率方程基础的EDFA的各种理论模型，分析比较了各个模型的特点和适用场合，最终选择完善的Giles理论模型作为本论文分析设计EDFA的理论基础；针对实际实验条件提出了修正的EDFA模型的数值计算方法；创新地提出了增益—噪声系数全局分析法，直观有效地分析了EDFA的增益和噪声系数与掺铒光纤长度和泵浦功率的依赖关系，并对各种EDFA的性能作了全面的比较；第二，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器特性参数的定义与测量方法，重点介绍了噪声系数和增益系数的测量方法及实验装置；介绍了组成掺铒光纤放大器各组件的特性测量方法，重点介绍了测量掺铒光纤参数的方法和实验装置；第三，针对WDM系统对L-band EDFA谱平坦、低噪声、高增益的要求，我们创新地提出了四种不同的L-band EDFA结构，按设计思路可以分为两大类：一类是基于单抽运二级泵浦法，这一类包括在未泵浦掺铒光纤的输入端插入一根布拉格光纤光栅的两段L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于前向ASE光作为二级泵浦源推动下一级EDF工作的泵浦分配、两段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于单根光纤光栅、泵浦分配、两段级联的EDFA；另一类则是基于同时应用前后向C-band ASE作二级泵浦源的双抽运法，如基于前后向ASE光作为二级泵浦源的三段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构。

A new optimal design of interleaves based on cascaded Mach-Zehnder interferometers is also presented. As compared with the two existing methods (digital signal processing methods and Fourier filters), the present method is simple and intuitive.

本论文分析了Mach-Zehnder干涉仪级联形式之间的关系，提出了通带平坦化分叉复用器的新型设计方法，与现有两种方法(应用数字滤波器设计方法以及傅立叶展开法)相比较，本文提出的设计方法直观、简单。

The cascade of FIR digital filter and PPSV is used to control chaos and hyperchaos in nonlinear continuous system.

利用数字FIR滤波器和正比于系统变量的脉冲反馈法的级联控制非线性连续系统中的混沌和超混沌。

Water Cascade Analysis technology was used to synthesize the water use network for batch processes,which could determine the water pinch point location and the minimum utilities target of the batch process:minimum fresh water use and wastewater discharge.

利用水级联分析法对间歇过程用水网络进行研究，确定过程的用水夹点及最小新鲜水用量和最小废水排放量，提出了间歇用水过程的全局夹点的概念，考虑了用水过程的流率限制，在水级联表格中用流率替代了传统水级联分析法中的传质量，识别过程中每个时间段的局部夹点及公用工程目标，通过全局夹点和局部夹点的比较，指出过程的用水瓶颈，设置储罐打破瓶颈，使用水网络公用工程目标最小化。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。