约束的

They include the fundamental concepts of jet bundle geometry needed in describing time-dependent mechanical systems, decomposition of jet bundles into a direct sum according to the constraints, horizontal distributions on constraint mainifolds, the global formulation of D'Alembert-Lagrange's equations and Chaplygin's equations, and nonholonomic mechanics on a Riemann-Cartan manifold. Meanwhile, the geometric significance of Chetaev's conditions and $\rd$-$\delta$ commutation relation are discussed in depth.

本文主要综述非完整约束系统几何动力学的外附型和内禀型Lagrange理论，包括非定常力学系统所需要的射丛几何学的基本概念、射丛按约束的直和分解、约束流形上的水平分布、 D'Alembert-Lagrange方程与Chaplygin方程的整体描述、以及Riemann-Cartan流形上的非完整力学，文中对Chetaev条件和d-δ交换关系的几何意义作了深入讨论。

Probability distribution of anchoring data can be regarded as nonlinear programming with certain restriction. Programming with the restriction can be transferred to nonlinear programming without restriction by use of Lagrange Method and can be then easily resolved by step-acceleration method of one variable.

锚固强度参数的概率分布问题可以归结为带约束的非线性规划问题，利用条件极值的拉格朗日乘数法可以将带约束的规划问题转化为无约束的非线性规划问题，并可以采用运筹学中的单变量步长加速法非常方便地求解。

Based on the method of multi-objective fuzzy optimization and the overhead traveling crane design, a mathematical model of fuzzy optimization for main box beam section is established. A fuzzy goal anthology is constructed. The fuzziness of multi-objective function and constraints is defined. The transformation of the fuzzy constraints set to normal constraints set in real number domain is realized by applying optimal level cut set method. The optimal solution and optimal constraint value of sub-objective function in the feasible field are found using the genetic algorithms.

应用多目标模糊优化方法，以工程设计中桥式起重机箱形主梁设计为实例，建立了桥式起重机箱形主梁多目标模糊优化设计的数学模型，构造了模糊目标集，确定了多目标函数的模糊性和约束的模糊性，并应用最优水平截集法实现了模糊约束到实数论域上的集合转换，从而用遗传算法寻求到子目标函数在可行域空间的最优解和约束最优值。

Constraint based planning method presents reasoning algorithms of process planning prototype from design constraint, dividing algorithms of development process activities and choosing principle of the information prerelease points. From the whole lifecycle point of view, it gives out constraint based product development process planning method and steps.

基于约束的规划方法提出了基于设计约束的过程规划原型推理算法、开发过程活动的划分算法和信息预发布点的选取准则，从整个产品生命周期角度，给出了基于约束的产品开发过程规划方法和步骤。

The calculation of an example indicates that the combined optimal model is better than the single one in terms of simul.

大坝安全的组合优化监控模型实际上为一带约束的优化问题，将DNA遗传算法应用于大坝安全监控领域中，用罚函数法将有约束的优化问题转换为无约束的优化问题，建立了大坝安全监控的组合优化模型。

A proper k total colouring of a graph G is a colouring to its vertices and edges using k colours such that no two adjacent or incident elements of G may be assigned the same colour.

利用梯度投影与罚函数相结合的技巧，将带不等式和等式约束的优化问题化成一个无约束问题，提出了初始点可任意的求解不等式、等式约束优化问题的摄动梯度投影算法；参数δk取不同的数还可以得到一类梯度投影算法，从而得出了在搜索方向和步长不精确条件下的梯度投影法，保证了在实际应用中更容易实现；在较弱条件下，证明了该算法的全局收敛性。

Unlike the conventional indirect method, it can directly implement the generator field and armature current limits accurately, thereby assuring power flow convergence and voltage collapse point identification during tracing the PV curve when generator limits constraints are considered. The critical limit constraint equation is introduced in the corrective stage of the continuation method as the additional equation to solve the limit induced bifurcation point accurately.

给出新的发电机电流极限约束的直接处理算法，解决了计及发电机电流约束时，潮流难于收敛和不易精确求出电压崩溃点的问题；对不易精确求得的极限诱导分岔点，通过在连续潮流法的校正步骤中将关键的极限约束方程作为附加方程来快速而精确地求解。

Optimization of location of resource in whole society, externality of radiation detriment, limited reason and asocial Implementation of external control needs institution.

这里讨论的外部约束限定为不同决策者之间的约束，在全社会范围内资源的最优化配置、辐射危害的外部性以及决策者的有限理性和投机性构成了外部约束的充要条件。

Through the comparison of different conditions in multi-angle repeated test, we observe the disaccording path of risk preferences. The main content of this thesis are as follows. Firstly, we design 2 sessions of experiments to find the impact of the softening budget constraint and the form of endowment on the risk preference. Besides, this thesis also includes several experimental comparative studies, focusing on the dynamical inconsistency of risk preference as well as its drifting path.

主要包括：首先设置预算软约束与风险偏好基础实验，考察影响投资者决策的主要因素，观测预算约束的软化和初始禀赋形式，对投资者预期及风险偏好的影响；其次，设置多期平面投资下的风险偏好实验，考察风险偏好是否存在着动态不一致现象，以及不同被试者的风险偏好漂移路径；最后，设置动态追加投资下的风险偏好实验，观测沉没成本、及与预算软约束的双重作用对风险偏好动态变化的影响。

In this paper, taking the reliabilities of constraints into the modified constraint conditions, optimum design of object function was carried.

在优化设计的平台上，综合考虑每一约束的可靠性，产生通过可靠性设计后的改性约束条件，再在众多的改性约束条件的前提下，进行目标函数的优化设计。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。