约束的

The paper analyses material transportation problem and give the solvable methods; analyses delivery vehicle route problem, and then construct its corresponding mathematical model and present a heuristic algorithm based on C—W algorithm; analyses the optimum scheduling problem of trucks, and then construct its corresponding mathematical model and put forward a new algorithm; analyses the Postal Transportation Problem which will perhaps be used in supply chain of manufacturing system, and then construct its corresponding mathematical model and present an approximation algorithm.

分析了制造系统供应链中供需平衡、供需不平衡、有转运等各种情况下的物资调运问题，给出了求解方法；分析了制造系统供应链配送作业中的配送车辆路线问题，建立了相应的数学模型，提出了一种基于C-W算法的启发式算法，该算法较好地解决了有时间约束的配送问题；分析了制造系统供应链中的货运卡车优化调度问题，建立了相应的数学模型，提出了一种基于表上作业法的求解算法；分析了制造系统供应链中有潜在利用价值的邮政运输方式问题，在详细描述了该问题的基础上，建立了相应的数学模型，提出了一种近似求解算法，该算法较好地解决了邮政运输方式这样的多种物流、多种运输方式，有严格时限和众多外部约束的特大型、复杂、并行的交连系统的计划调度问题。

First it concludes elementary methods for product modeling such as feature recognition, feature-based design and feature mapping. Then it probes into the mechanism of constraint-based feature parametric modeling, representation of feature parametric model and methods for solving constraint in details. At the end it proposes a feature-based modeling system that makes good use of resources and synthesizes many feature modeling methods, and analyses the development of prototype system oriented to actual application.

首先全面归纳了基本的基于特征的产品建模方法，包括特征识别、基于特征设计和特征映射方法，然后对基于约束的特征参数化建模、特征参数化模型的表达和定义方法以及约束求解方法进行了深入研究，最后提出了一个充分利用现有资源，特征识别、基于特征设计和特征映射共用的特征建模系统，并探讨了面向实际应用的原型系统的开发技术。

All the sub-plans are described by a group of general mathematic formulae. The computation of the sub- plan can be decomposed into two sub-problems by relaxing the constraint that production level at production period of a sub-plan must be more than zero. Based on the properties of an optimal solution, two polynomial algorithms are devised to solve sub-problems and reintegrate the relaxed constraint. Finally, a dynamic programming algorithm with complexity O(T^4) is developed to solve the global problem, where T is number of periods in planning horizon.

给出了所有子计划的通用数学描述，并通过松弛正生产量约束将子计划的计算分成两个子问题；依据子问题和子计划最优解的性质，设计了求解子问题和重新集结松弛约束的多项式算法；在此基础上提出了一个复杂性为O(T^4)的求解整个规划问题的多项式动态规划算法，这里T是规划时段上的周期数。

In chapter 2, the paper considers about applying the regularized method with a variance uniformization constraint to image restoration, therefore we discusses the relation between the variance of the restored image and the singular value of the discrete matrix of the blur operator in detail, and theoretically proves the well-posedness of the regularized method with a variance uniformization constraint.

在第二章中，本文考虑将带一致方差约束的正则化方法应用于图像的恢复，为此详细讨论了恢复图像的方差与模糊算子的离散矩阵的奇异值之间的关系，并从理论上证明了带一致方差约束的正则化方法的适定性。

Eighthly,on the basis of the agent"s risk share model in Holmstrom and Milgrom,the risk evasion and the effect of the staff"s property on risk share was studies,and the reasonable risk share proportion on the staff under risk evasion and property restriction was analyzed,and the effective environments for different restrictions was probed into further.

在文献m与 Milg＊m］的代理人风险分担模型的基础上，基于企业与员工的风险规避，研究了风险规避以及员工资产对风险分摊的影响，分析在风险规避和资产约束条件下员工合理的风险分摊比例，并探讨不同约束的生效环境。

Firstly, an empirical approximation model of stochastic programming is obtained by replacing the probability measure of original program with empirical probability measure. Sequentially, the constrained stochastic programming is transformed into an equivalent unconstrained stochastic programming. Finally, using the epi-convergence theory, the almost everywhere upper semiconvergence of optimal solution set of empirical approximations for stochastic programming is obtained.

首先通过经验概率测度替代初始规划的概率测度得到随机规划的经验逼近模型，然后将带有约束的随机规划问题转化成与其等价的无约束的随机规划问题，最后利用上图收敛性理论，给出了随机规划经验逼近最优解集的几乎处处上半收敛性。

By the analysis of the characteristic and restriction of the gear components ,this paper upbuilds the characteristic model based on the restriction and actualizes data transmission and information sharing among CAD.CAE and CAPP .This paper analyzes the general principle of parameter determination and strength check about gear and researches the algorithmic of gear strength check based on the characteristic .This paper introduces expert knowledge into respective procedure of CAD.CAE and CAPP and actualizes the intellectualization in design process .strength analysis and process planning .

以齿轮类零件作为研究对象，在分析了其特征及约束的基础上，利用数据库技术和图形单元建模技术，建立了基于约束的特征模型，实现了CAD／CAE／CAPP之间的数据传输和信息共享；分析了齿轮参数确定、强度校核的一般原则，进行基于特征的齿轮强度校核的算法研究；将专家知识融入在CAD、CAE、CAPP各个过程中实现了设计过程、强度分析和工艺分析的智能化。

Although the police officers are on display in their uniform, a symbol of their position, they remain captives within the frame for the duration of an hour, in effect Wearing has reversed roles by putting them in an uncomfortable situation through their temporary restraint, and empowering the spectators in the process as voyeurs.

虽然警官们穿的是制服——他们地位的象征，但一个小时内他们都必须保持这种被约束的姿势。事实上，韦英通过暂时的约束，把警官置身在一中不舒服的状态中，赋予观众成为一个偷窥者的机会，从而实现了角色的反串。

The result of simulation shows:(1) Different goals of production decision making have different influences on grassland degradation. The production decisions aiming at income maximization is more favorable for relieving grassland pressure that the ones aiming at scale maximization.(2) The effect of herdsman's self-restriction on inhibiting grassland degradation is not less then government mandatory regulation for the grassland utilization;(3) Under the situation of overgrazing, The price rise of livestock products will be helpful to decrease the breeding scale;(4) The application of production technology in risk reduction will be helpful to decrease the breeding scale.

对模拟结果的分析表明：(1)以收入最大化为目标的生产决策比以规模最大化为目标的生产决策更有利于缓解草场压力；(2)牧民的自我约束对抑制草地退化的效果不小于来自政府强制性约束的效果；(3)在目前超载过牧的情况下，价格上涨有助于降低饲养规模；(4)降低生产风险的生产技术进步有助于减少饲养规模。

On this basis, kinematics simulation of the model was used by Adams. Meanwhile,this paper also introduced the way of constraint of Differential gear and Shortcomings in the course of Adams simulation, and pr oposed a new and feasible way of establishment of gear constraint.

建立了基于UG对无级传动变速器的三维模型，在此基础上运用Adams对模型进行运动学仿真，同时介绍了在Adams仿真过程中差动轮系约束的建立方法以及还存在的缺点，并且提出了建立齿轮约束的新的可行的方法。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。