约束性义务

The author points out: Confidence is confidence in not man but system, humanity being vicious, a trustee must be restricted, duty restriction is not replaced by right regulation; Legal aim of restriction should be orientated at maximal benefit of beneficiary, in it, benefit subject is only beneficiary and doesn't included settlor and society, benefit content is physical but not spiritual; A bulk of restriction regulations are default-rule,but there are some mandatory rules, even if they are default-rule, they has mandatory character to some degree, therefore, the intention of settlor which precludes application of restriction regulation is restricted; Modern technique quality of restriction has trend of flexibility, this would be worthwhile approving because it can realize maximal benefit of beneficiary; Strict self-dealing rule doesn't accord with flexibility trend and should re-established.

本章认为，信任不是对人的信任而是对制度的信任，因人性恶的存在，必须对受托人施加约束，而义务约束则是规范中的权利不可替代的。有效约束的目标在于并应定位于受益人利益最大化，该目标的利益主体仅是受益人而不包括委托人和"社会"，利益内容是经济利益而不包括精神利益。本章还认为，约束规范虽然大部分是任意性规范，但也存在强制性规范，即使是任意性规范也具有一定的强制性品格，委托人随意排除的意思受到限制。本章还指出，现代义务约束趋向灵活化，这种技术品质更有利于实现受益人利益的最大化，因而值得肯定。严格的自我交易规则不符合灵活性趋势，应该加以重构。

International society form《Lm convention》to protect wetly ecosystem system and reasonable exploitation.

国际社会通过缔结《拉姆萨尔公约》保护湿地生态系统及合理利用，该条约具有现代环境保护的先见性，对缔约国有三项法定义务约束，即合理利用义务、指定湿地的保护义务以及国际合作义务。

The Treasury emphasized that the agreement is 'a binding legal obligation' and any potential congressional action in the future aimed at abrogating it would be 'inconsistent with the U.S.

财政部强调，该协议是具约束性的法律义务，未来国会任何有意废弃该协议的举动都会违背美国政府承担义务的长期做法。

If, in the future, the parties elect to enter into binding commitments regarding the Subject Matter, such commitments shall be explicitly stated in a separate written agreement executed by both parties, and the parties hereby affirm that they do not intend their discu io , corre ondence, and other activities to be co trued as forming a contract regarding the Subject Matter or any other tra action between them without execution of such separate written agreement.

如果将来双方选择对&主题事项&达成约束性的承诺，必须以书面形式单独订立由双方签署的协议以明确说明该义务。双方据此认定无意将他们的磋商、往来信函和其它活动被视为形成有关主题事项的合约。在没有另行书面协议的情况下，也不视为其他任何的彼此间的交易。

So that more consumers can enjoy more delicious quality, technology is even better than wine.

让更多的消费者可以品尝到品质更为鲜美，工艺更为精湛的葡萄酒。

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在你最喜爱的文本编辑器中将它打开。