约束变量

Under the limiting constrained conditions, an attempt to improve ship hull form of minimized wavemaking resistance is described by taking improved Michell integration as an object function and UV as an optimized design variable that is a mapping transformation function for the harmonizing and the fairing of the form variation.

在极限约束条件下，基于船体型值与UV度的映射函数，用UV度作为优化设计变量，以改进的Michel积分为目标函数，求得具有很好的协调性和工程光顺性的最小兴波阻力船型。

On the assumption that the directions of each thruster are same, a new mathematical model is presented which the minimum objective function is deviation between variables.

第二种方法是本文首创的，即在推力器方向相对一致的假设下，以各变量间的离差最小为优化目标，以力的平衡方程为约束条件，建立了一种简化的推力分配数学模型。

A three kinds variables potential energy functional, which is equal to the functional of minimum potential energy principle, is proposed.

本文给出了与最小势能原理的泛函等价的三类变量的能量泛函_3，其中应力应变关系是变分过程中的约束条件。

By using temporal redundancy, upper and lower bounds of process measurements are added in the modified SICC method to avoid the misidentification of gross errors.

改进后的算法利用时间冗余性，通过加入对过程测量变量的上下限约束，避免了显著误差的误判。

We got auniversal constraint about the 2—torsion invariants of 4—manifold 〓〓(Theorem 3.3.1),using the 〓—moduli space structures of twomanifolds with boundary obtained by splitting X along 〓.

对可沿〓分解的4—流形运用分解得到的两个带边流形的模空间结构得到了这类4—流形的2—torsion不变量的一个万有约束关系（定理3.3.1）。

This method can be used to solve both linear and nonlinear staticand dynamic problems. Astringency of Neumann series expansion to solve nonlinearproblems is proved and a method to improve the convergence and enhance efficiencyis presented.

算例表明了该方法具有较高精度和良好的应用潜力。2 结构可靠性研究在最大熵法中需求解的随机变量的矩约束积分方程组具有高度非线性，通常的非线性方程组的求解方法不能收敛。

The model of programmed crystallization of SPM was proposed based on the moment transformation of the population considering the agglomeration. The optimal temperature-time curves in a batch crystallizer which maximized the terminal mean size and mean weight size can be determined from the application of the Pontryagin Maximum Principle. The calculated crystallization results heating under optimal temperature were compared with ones under linear or natural heating temperature.

根据第四章所得到的螺旋霉素晶体二次成核和晶体生长和布朗扩散引起的聚集动力学，利用第六章所描述的晶体尺寸分布的各阶矩对时间的一阶导数所构成的自封闭的一阶常微分方程组，采用庞得里亚金极大值原理，以温度为控制变量，在满足某些约束条件下，以最大平均尺寸和最大晶体重量平均尺寸为性能指标，计算出了螺旋霉素间歇结晶的最优温度—时间曲线，并同线性加热和自然方式进行了比较。

The simulation results demonstrate that there is locally favorable distribution in the probability density function of the basic random variables in bounded environment.

仿真结果表明，在有约束环境中该基本随机变量的概率密度分布显示出明显的局部偏好性。

Firstly, this paper definited pseudometric d for n -foldproduct of σ-algebra A of subsets of a given set X , and definited indicator function ; secondly, gave the concept of differentiable of set function at S° and concept of partial derivative at S° with respect to the ith argument Si through indicator function, and defound the weak efficient solution of and optimality necessary condition; Finally, obtained three weak duality results and strong duality results under generalized convexity conditions.

首先，对已知集X的子集的σ-代数A的n-折积A^n，定义了伪度量d，给出了相应的特征函数〈h，Is〉；其次，通过特征函数给出了集函数在S 可微的定义及集函数在S 关于第i个变量Si的偏导数定义；给出了多目标规划问题的弱有效解概念及的最优性必要条件；最后，分别在目标函数和约束函数的3种较弱凸性条件下，研究n-集函数多目标规划问题的对偶问题，获得了3个弱对偶结果和强对偶结果。

Using it we can approximately obtain the expectation of any function,using the certain quantity the random sample particle to express the posterior density of random variable in the model,and can be used in the any non-linear random models.

粒子滤波算法是一种适用于非线性非正态约束的基于模拟的统计滤波算法，可以近似得到任意函数的数学期望，利用一定数量的随机样本粒子来表示模型中随机变量的后验概率分布，并且能应用于任意非线性随机模型。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。