约束

The underlying reasons include: the government"s role in establishing a hospitable environment for the managers remains to be improved; the supervision on both capital market and managers" market is far from satisfied; the official standard of managers selection; lack of the manager-specific incentive and restraint mechanism; the vacancy of the restraint system by corporation owners and the ill-founded corporate governance structure, and so on.

究其原因有：国家关于企业经营者管理的大环境还有待于改善、资本市场和经理人市场的监督约束机制不完善、企业社会政策目标和效率目标的双重存在、企业经营者选拔任用标准"行政化"、企业经营者离岗后缺乏社会保障和制度化报酬、缺少针对企业经营者的有别于党政干部的激励与约束机制、所有者约束机制缺位，没有形成规范的公司治理结构。

A novel method for design of controller enforcing the constraints is presented. First the constraints involving the marking and Parikh vectors are transformed into the constraints involving Parikh vector only using Petri net state equality, and then the controller is constructed based on the viewpoint that a place can be seen as a linear inequality constraint on the Parikh vector.

该方法首先利用Petri网的状态方程把关于标识向量和Parikh向量的不等式约束转变成关于Parikh向量的不等式约束，然后基于Petri网库所是关于Parikh向量的不等式约束的观点构造控制器。

As the condition of super-elasticity happening,a velocity constraint inequality is built.If the mass's velocity dissatisfies the inequality,the authors need to restrict and modulate the velocity,avoiding the super-elasticity.

该方法建立了一个速度约束不等式，作为超弹性现象是否发生的判断依据；并对不满足约束条件的质点速度进行约束调整，进而避免了超弹性现象的发生。

The registration model with geometric feature constraint is composed of 6-parameter-registration model and constraint condition linear inequation, which is calculated by iterative algorithm.

在6独立参数模型中增加几何特征约束的不等约束条件组成了附有约束条件的配准模型。

The whole state space is divided into invariant subspace, safe subspace, dangerous subspace and dead subspace according to the constraints and the safe margin of the system, and the state reference trajectory is chosen with respect to the subspace in which the state prediction lies in, in this way GPC is applied under the prerequisite for the viability of the system.

研究了系统在线性不等式约束条件下的预测控制问题，将广义预测控制算法化为对控制量的一步优化，根据约束条件和输出预测在线修改控制量的加权系数，提出了一种变加权系数的改进算法，使系统始终满足给定的约束条件。

Because of the unstructured environments and the force impulse excitation of the following manipulators, the invertibility control input can not control the conducting manipulator exactly. In this paper, a new adaptive and sliding mode control scheme is developed assuming that all system parameters including the joint flexibility values are uncertain but within given bounds.

在以上方法的基础上，本文再对多杆柔性关节机械手在约束空间的轨迹优化规划问题进行了研究，首先利用坐标转换得出多杆柔性关节机械手的约束动力学模型，然后利用逆系统方法求出了系统在约束空间的次优化轨迹及力控制器。

Hypothesis one is"paternalism that Chinese all—round governmentgenerates and government official'S agent problem result in SBC";Hypothesis two is"SOE'S policy burden and inviability give rise tO SBC";Hypothesis three is"externalities that SOE is bankrupted and liquidated and SOB'S passivity lead toSBC".

这三个假说是：假说中国全能政府所产生的父爱主义与政府官员的代理问题导致软预算约束；假说国有企业的政策性负担与缺乏自生能力导致软预算约束；假说国有企业破产清算的外部性与国有银行的消极性导致软预算约束。

Based on the selection rules on the rotational joint fit comer, spherical joint fit comer and parallel bar interference, which are application-based, the relationships between those restrictions and mechanism parameters are deduced in the mathematic functions, especially for the compound spherical joint.

文章摘要：以6-RSS型并联机构为研究对象，建立解析形式的反向运动学方程，给出考虑驱动副转角范围、球副转角范围、连杆干涉等约束条件时的反解选取准则，推导出每种约束表达与机构参数间关系，特别是复合球副独特的附加约束表达。

The objective function of the QP problem is a quadratic function which is an approximation of the Lagrangian function of the constrained problem and the constraints of the QP problem are linear approximation of the constraints of the constrained problem.

这些二次规划子问题的目标函数是原约束最优化问题的Lagrange函数的某种二次近似，其约束条件是原约束条件的线性逼近。

The general form of the linear constraint s is described and the genetic optimization approach for such problems are introduced.

介绍了线性约束条件的一般形式及线性约束条件的遗传优化方法，较全面地阐述了相对于各线性约束条件的各遗传算子的特点、作用及其产生方法。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。