约束

Considering the speed and global capability,we adopt a composite particle group optimization algorithm.

为了兼顾算法的快速性和全局性，几何约束求解时，考虑使用复合粒子群算法。

The thesis studies the difference between GWSs composition and traditional workflow applications, proposes the implement mechanism and technical architecture of GWSs composition and defines the reference model of GWSs composition platform, which provide holistic framework and top-level guidance for studying dynamic GWSs composition technology, designing GWSs composition platform, and implementing representative composite service applications.2、Theories and methods of composite process modeling and process analysis. This thesis proposes a meta-model of Geo-spatial Web services composition process defining from two aspects, i.e. process and resource. According to the process definition meta-model, we propose a new Geo-spatial Web services composition Process/Resource model based on extended WF-net, which effectively resolves the problems on uncertain activity option and dynamic variation of service in composite process model. A notion with regard to soundness of process model is proposed from three aspects, i.e. the structural correctness of process model, validity of data link and validity of resource. The notion of soundness definitely gives a dividing line on correctness of composite GWS process. This thesis analyzes sufficient and essential terms of soundness, and studies compositional property of WSCP/R-net models which provides an effective method to construct a soundness WSCP/R-net model. According to WSCP/R-net, the thesis proposes composition algebra and studies the properties of it. Based on the composition algebra, 6 kinds of composite process reduction rules are induced to optimize the process.3、Geo-spatial Web service QoS model and its application architecture. This thesis proposes an extendable GWS QoS model from three aspects, i.e. Geo-spatial Web Service itself, networking conditions and service consumer which can be used to distinguish GWSs with overlapping or identical functionality. We work over the QoS evaluation methods of composite GWS process which can be used to guide the execution, monitor and service selection of composition process. Aming at some disadvantages in traditional Web service discovery model for its lacking of QoS supporting, this thesis proposes a new service discovery model SDMQ supporting QoS constraints.4、Technologies of composite service executing. SSPL, a new composite service process language, is defined to overcome the disadvantages of existing composite services process languages which can not adapt to the dynamic variation of Geo-spatial Web Services. An algorithm is described to translate WSCP/R-net model into SSPL. The thesis studies the model of dynamic services selection with QoS global optimization, presenting an algorithm GODSS to resolve dynamic services selection with QoS global optimization in GWSs Composition.5、Design and implement experimental system and representative applications. According to the research findings presented above, we design and implement an experimental system and construct two representative applications to show that our achievements are effective and practical.

针对当前空间信息服务聚合研究中存在的若干不足，本文重点在基于工作流的空间信息服务聚合框架、空间信息服务聚合流程建模和分析技术、空间信息服务QoS模型及应用体系以及空间信息服务聚合流程执行等几个方面进行深入研究，主要工作和创新点包括：1、基于工作流的空间信息服务动态聚合框架：研究了空间信息服务动态聚合和传统工作流应用的不同，在此基础上提出了基于工作流技术的空间信息服务动态聚合实现机制、技术体系和参考模型，为研究空间信息服务聚合的关键技术、开发服务聚合支撑平台以及在此基础上构造特定的空间信息服务聚合应用提供了总体框架和顶层指导。2、空间信息服务聚合流程建模和分析技术：首先基于动态服务聚合流程建模的需求和空间信息服务动态变化的应用实际，从服务聚合的过程维和资源维出发定义了服务聚合流程定义元模型；与之相对应，对基本的WF-net进行扩展，提出服务聚合流程/资源网作为空间信息服务聚合流程的形式化描述模型，有效解决了现有的基于基本Petri网和工作流网的服务聚合建模方法所不能解决的不确定路径选择和服务的动态变化性问题；从流程结构正确性、数据依赖有效性和资源实现有效性三个方面提出了WSCP/R-net健壮性的概念，明确界定了聚合流程正确性的标准，并对WSCP/R-net模型的健壮性分析方法和WSCP/R-net模型的组合特性进行了研究；提出了空间信息服务聚合代数算子并对其性质进行了研究，在此基础上提出了6种聚合流程约简规则，从而可达到优化聚合流程、提高聚合流程执行效率的目的。3、空间信息服务QoS模型和应用体系：从服务本身、网络环境和服务消费者三个层次出发，提出了一个可扩展的空间信息服务QoS模型GSQM，实现了对空间信息服务的度量和评价，并对GSQM不同质量要素信息的客观、公正采集方法进行了研究；研究了空间信息服务聚合流程QoS评价方法，有效支持了空间信息服务聚合流程的执行、监控以及服务选择等操作；针对目前的服务发现模型仅支持服务功能性描述、不能有效满足空间信息服务应用需求的现状，提出了一种新的支持QoS约束的服务发现模型SDMQ，并对模型的实现框架进行了研究。4、空间信息服务聚合流程执行技术：针对现有的服务聚合流程描述语言不能有效满足空间信息服务动态聚合流程描述的特点，基于BPEL4WS提出了一种新的空间信息服务聚合流程描述语言SSPL；研究了满足健壮性要求的WSCP/R-net模型向SSPL的转换算法，在此基础上可以满足用户无显式编码来实现空间信息服务聚合应用的目的；研究了服务动态选择QoS全局优化模型，并在此基础上提出了一种解决服务动态选择QoS全局优化问题的实现算法GODSS.5、基于论文研究成果，设计实现了"空间信息服务聚合实验系统"，并构建了"矿产资源评价"和"城市消防应急响应"两个典型应用案例，对论文所述模型、方法的可行性和有效性进行了验证。

A lens and a paraboloid nozzle were used to focus pulsed CO2 laser and generate impulse.Effects of single pulse energy on impulse coupling coefficient was studied with a high-accuracy compound pendulum and a light figure system.Extension range of pulse energy from 5 J to 70 J was obtained through adjusting working voltage of the laser and energy attenuation of silicon combinations in the experiment.

利用透镜聚焦，抛物面喷管约束，结合复摆和光指针测量系统研究了单脉冲能量对吸气式激光推进冲量耦合系数的影响，实验中通过调节激光器工作电压和硅片衰减实现了脉冲能量5-70 J范围的有效拓展；进一步采用纳秒分幅高速相机拍摄了24 J能量下的流场纹影照片。

In a recent piece in the Phi Delta Kappan , Kohn argues that self-discipline has been over-sold, and indeed, that it has a dark side—too much self-control may be associated with anxiety, compulsiveness, and dampened emotional responses.

在Kohn 最近的著作 Phi Delta Kappan 中，他称自律已经被过度"出售"了，实际上，它存在黑暗的一面——太多的自我约束会导致紧张、强制性已经压抑的情绪爆发出来。

To make use of the periodic distribution condition, a computative model is raised to deal with the en gineering practical boundary restrain in the light of the turbocharger characteristics.

提出了利用涡轮和叶轮沿轮周周期分布的计算模型，结合汽油机增压器的特点，给出了边界条件约束的工程实用方法，成功地使问题得到了进一步的简化，减少了数据输入量及计算工作量，综合效率得到了提高； 3。

Based on analyzing characteristic of heat exchange with finite element method, the paper transforms the finite element computing problem into a nonlinear optimizing one with some restriction, and solves it using the Hopfield neural network.

根据热传导有限元分析的特点，把有限元计算问题转化为带约束的非线性优化问题，并给出求解决该问题的改进Hopfield网络，最后对一个简单温度场神经计算进行数值仿真。

According to the survey conducted by many scholars, the concentricity of our car market is relatively low, and intends to decline year by year. What's more, under the condition of entry barriers of "Soft Restriction" and low economic scale level, the competition of car industry is becoming fiercer.

经众多学者研究表明，我国轿车行业的市场集中度比较低，并有逐年下降的趋势，再加上进入壁垒的"软约束"和规模经济水平不高的制约，我国轿车行业的竞争愈演愈烈。

And reveals conceptive difference and relation between secure economic dispatching and security constrained unit commitment.

揭示了安全经济调度和安全约束下的机组组合在概念上的区别和联系。

The water molecules inside the nanoscale water channel with the suitable radius are in the single-file arrangement, and moved concertedly in the channel.

被约束在纳米通道中以及处于固液介面上的水分子，展现出了许多与宏观不一样的特殊行为。

The temperature field and thermal stress of concrete wall is calculated by the FEM at early age.

早龄期时胶凝材料的水化热引起混凝土结构内温度场的显著变化[2]，在受约束条件产生温度应力。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。