约束

Since any equality constraint is equivalent to two inequality constraints, the algorithm LTR can be used for solving nonsmooth optimization problems with equality and inequality constraints.

同时，由于等式约束等价于两个不等式约束，故算法LTR也适合于求解带一般线性约束的非光滑优化问题。

Markowitz model of equality constraint protrusion analysis is constructed,including the generic restriction conditions.

文章在将一般化的约束条件纳入分析框架的基础上，建立起Markowitz等式约束凸规划分析模型，运用二次规划问题降维算法的原理，提出了一个求解Markowitz等式约束凸规划模型的快速算法。

In the fourth chapter, we discussion the characterization of admissible in the general linear model under equality constraint and inequality constraint, we give the necessary and sufficient condition that homogeneous linear estimator is admissible estimator, and by using the relationship between homogeneous and inhomogeneous linear estimator, we obtain the characterization of admissible inhomogeneous linear estimator.

第四章分别在带等式约束条件以及不等式约束条件下，讨论了一般线性模型线性估计的可容许性特征，给出了在约束条件下齐次线性估计为可容许估计的充分必要条件，同时利用齐次线性估计与非齐次线性估计之间的关系，把齐次线性估计的可容许性特征推广到了非齐次线性估计的可容许性特征。

In chapter 2 we propose a linear equality constraint optimization question , the new algorithm is combined with the new conjugate gradient method(HS-DY conjugate gradient method)and Rosen"s gradient projection method , and has proven it"s convergence under the Wolfe line search.In chapter 3 we have combined a descent algorithm of constraint question with Rosen"s gradient projection, and proposed a linear equality constraint optimization question"s new algorithm, and proposed a combining algorithm about this algorithm, then we have proven their convergence under the Wolfe line search, and has performed the numerical experimentation.

在第三章中我们将无约束问题的一类下降算法与Rosen投影梯度法相结合，将其推广到线性等式约束最优化问题，提出了线性等式约束最优化问题的一类投影下降算法，并提出了基于这类算法的混合算法，在Wolfe线搜索下证明了这两类算法的收敛性，并通过数值试验验证了算法的有效性。

Fifth, Applying the main idea of the improved center weighted median filter to the design of the optimal stack filter based on omnidirectional structural elements constrains, the dissertation raises a kind of improved filter algorithm for de-noising of pulse noise. The theory analysis and the simulation experiment of the image processing shows that this kind of filter can not only remove noise effectively but also keep detail of the image sufficiently.

根据最优全方位结构元约束层叠滤波器中常规中值滤波带来的图像高频细节信息的丧失，引入改进的中心加权中值滤波器，从而提出改进的最优全方位结构元约束层叠滤波新方案，实验和理论证明，它相对于最优全方位结构元约束层叠滤波方案，在滤除噪声的同时更有效保持了图像的高频细节信息。

Moreover, frozen restraint between the slate and the underneath frozen soil is an important condition for frost heaving of the slate.

另外 ，渠道边坡衬砌层和其下冻土层之间冻结约束的存在与否是边坡衬砌层会不会受冻胀力的必要条件，若此约束存在，则可能受冻胀力，若此约束不存在，则其不可能受冻胀力。

We also provide basis for KB splitting and solve the KB splitting problem Gasser has referred to but failed to solve We systematically analyze the multiple factors which lead to reorganization: the status and environment of system, the status of cooperative members, the properties and requirements of users, the amount, frequency, temporal constraints, task-solving quality constraints, cost constraints and resource constraints of the task to be solved, and the resource status, etc. We also present and realize an open, multi-level and multi-stage model to reorganize dynamically the architecture.

系统地分析了引起重组的多方面因素：系统的状态、环境，协作成员的状况，用户的属性、要求，待解任务的数量、频度、时间约束、求解质量约束、求解代价、资源约束，及资源状况等；提出并实现了开放的、多层次和多阶段的体系结构动态组织模型。

Based on interior ballistic theory, an attempt has been made to study the initial variable bullet dispersion of Gatling gun with a basic mathematical analysis model of bullet movement.

针对转管炮发射时身管处于旋转状态的特性，建立了同时考虑弹丸旋转惯性力和科氏力的半约束期内起始模型，分析了惯性力、科氏力在半约束期内对弹丸起始扰动的影响，计算得到了在半约束期运动弹丸的偏角变化规律。

The third chapter studies the process of dynamic simulation and assembly based upon geometric constraints and probability set. Improvements of the constraint recognition and confirmation, as well as movement navigation are proposed. Real time interference detection is implemented.

第三章研究了基于几何约束可能集合的动态仿真装配零件的过程，改进了约束识别、约束确认和运动导航的算法，实现了实时干涉检测。

In this approach ,the sketch is designed with simple elements such as points , segments, circles or Child-Graphs which is combination of above simple elements ;geometric elements is designed in sequence can implement the function of unwell defined(less-constrain) parametric design.2Dand 3D constrains is treated consistently.

不同于常见的用底层图元进行设计的二维全约束求解方法，提出并实现了一种基于子图的序列化草图设计方法。使设计者既可用通常的点、线、圆弧等的基本图元，又可用高层的子图设计，可加快设计过程；序列化设计求解方法可实现变量化设计；基于标识的约束模型，使该方法可统一二、三维约束求解。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。