约束

It is found that the confiner the electric field, the sharper the peak width. The different confined states correspond to the different oscillation modes, which can be well described by the resonant tunneling effect used in the semiconductor quantum well structures.

B：非完全约束光子量子阱结构的束缚态出现在阱光子晶体的禁带区域，并且不同束缚态对应不同的光子量子阱能级，不同的量子阱能级有不同程度的光场约束，光场约束在阱光子晶体中的越多，对应的透射极大的半峰宽越小。

First design a reasonable XML Schema structure and under the restriction of XML Schema use XML to describe the UML class diagram and the related specification, and then extract the test specification of method from XML test script. Test specification refers to predicate sequences in the form of conjunctive normal form, extracted from basic constraint conditions of variables included in test scripts and expected outputs. Each conjunctive normal form can be transformed to an inequation set, and adopt 1×1 domain test strategy to every inequation set to produce the domain test matrix, which in turn produce the test case.

首先设计合理的XML Schema结构，并在该XML Schema的有效性约束下，用XML对UML类图及相关性约束进行脚本描述；其次对XML测试脚本进行分析，提取方法的测试规约说明，所谓测试规约说明就是从测试脚本中包含的变量的基本约束条件以及期望输出中抽取得到的以合取范式形式存在的谓词序列；每一合取范式对应一个不等式组，对每一个不等式组采用1×1域测试策略，生成域测试矩阵，最终得到测试用例。

Thirdly, by applying Frenchet derivative analysis, the iteration formula is derived to solve the constrained functional minimization problem, essentially the formula is a level set equation, in which the motion velocity of the level set is the shape sensitivity of material interfaces.

为了有效处理违反约束，这里还提出了在违反约束水平集的负法凸锥内构造水平集的法向修正速度的返回映射算法，它可以方便地处理多材料、多约束和含有非设计域的结构设计问题，使初值给定容易。

In addition, we generalize the algorithm to solve linear constrained optimization problems and give good results.

另外将此算法推广求解线性约束优化问题，不需要将约束问题转化为无约束问题，获得了较好的实验效果。

This paper presents a new optimized neural network for nonlinear convex programming problems with both quality and inequality constraints.

目的 为解决一类同时含有等式约束和不等式约束的混杂约束的非线性规划问题。

However, the BER cost function is highly nonlinear, so constraint selection is difficult.

本文提出了一组新的约束条件，证明了在该约束条件的约束空间里误码率代价函数的最小点是唯一的。

With this method, the reliability to direct the constraint graph is increased, the computation complexity is reduced, and the cyclic constraint graph can be solved expediently.

应用此方法，可提高约束图有向化的可靠性、降低计算复杂度，且能方便地求解带有循环约束的约束图。

As pointed out by Deville et al., a class of connected row-convexconstraints is shown to be tractable.

迄今，为了识别易处理约束类，人们对特殊的约束或约束网络方面进行了许多研究。

Based on the ICMmethod,the discrete topological optimization problem about spot-weld's existence or not is transformed into the continuous optimization problem on[0,1].The optimization model is founded with maximizing the structural stiffness as objective and structural strength as constraints.The problem of multi-objectives and multi-constraints is transformed into the problem of single-objective and single-constraint with the K-S function.The displacement and stress are transformed into the explicit function of design variables with the Response Surface Methodology.The optimization model is solved with Sequential Quadratic Program.

基于ICM（Independent Continuous Mapping，即独立、连续、映射）方法，将焊点有无的离散拓扑优化问题转化为[0，1]区间上的连续优化问题；建立了以结构刚度最大为目标、结构强度为约束的连续拓扑优化模型；采用K-S函数将多目标和多约束问题转化为单目标和单约束问题；运用响应面方法将位移和应力转化为设计变量的显式函数，采用序列二次规划方法求解优化模型。

Some constraints are selected, and omitted according to the most-obtuse-angle principle. The smaller problem is solved with the simplex method. Then the omitted constraints are added to restore the original problem. If all the constraints are satisfied, then a basic optimal solution is reached. In the other case, the dual simplex method is used to obtain the basic optimal solution.

该算法依据最钝角原理略去部分约束得到一个规模较小的子问题，用原始单纯形算法解之；再添加所略去的约束恢复原问题，若此时全部约束条件均满足则已获得一个基本最优解，否则用对偶单纯形算法继续求解。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。