约束

The main factors affecting the soil-structure interface behaviors were found experimentally and theoretically, including: 1 the thickness of the interface that is five to six times the average grain size of the soil; 2 the aeolotropy of interface, which is responsible for anisotropic response of the stress-strain response of the interface; 3 two physical states, including crashing and compression of the soil near the structure surface, which govern the stress-strain response of the interface strongly; 4 two shear deformation components due to sliding and constraint of the structure surface relative to the soil respectively, which forms the deformation of the interface; 5 the volumetric strain due to dilatancy, which is found to be composed of a reversible dilatancy component and an irreversible dilatancy component. 4. A unified constitutive model of the interface, based on new elasto-plasticity damage theory, was developed. It was confirmed to be effective for the conditions considering monotonic and cyclic shearing, coupling effect of shear and volumetric strains, evolution of physical state, micro-structure aeolotropy of the soil and the resulting aeolotropy of the interface as well as the three normal boundary conditions stated above. 5. 2D and 3D finite element formulations of the present model were derived and incorporated into the FEM codes. They were applied to the evaluation of practical engineering problems with different typical interfaces between soil and structure. The new model was shown to be reasonable and effective.

确定了粗粒土与结构接触面厚度约为5～6倍的平均粒径，首次揭示了接触面的细观结构异向性以及由此所引起的宏观剪切异向性，发现了在单调和往返剪切荷载作用下土颗粒破碎和剪切压密两种物态变化机制共同支配着接触面力学性质的变化，通过细观分析证实了接触面的变形可分解为一般同时发生的土与结构交界面上的滑移变形以及结构面位移约束范围之内土体本身的剪切变形两部分，观测到接触面受剪时表现出明显的相对法向位移，并可分解为可逆性和不可逆性两个分量；(4)建立了第一个能够统一地描述单调与往返剪切特性、剪应变与体应变耦合特性、细观结构和宏观剪切异向性以及土颗粒破碎等物态变化特性的土与结构接触面弹塑性损伤本构数学模型，并采用多种法向边界条件复杂加载路径的试验成果验证了新模型的合理性和有效性；(5)提出了新模型的二、三维有限元格式并结合实际边值问题进行了应用计算分析，比较了不同接触面本构模型对计算结果的影响，证实了新模型及其有限元格式不仅能够合理地描述土与结构接触面的主要力学特性，还能够较好地反映土体与结构物在接触面处的滑移、脱开等不连续现象。

Treating with coils as aeolotropy, this paper brings forward a set of mathematical mode for computing internal stress distribution of coil in the process of coil coiling, in which some factors are taken into account, such as the transverse distribution of shape, crown and curl tension of the strip, the friction between the strip and the reel, the friction between strips, and etc. Because the reel shrinkage and the inner circle of the strip losing radial restrain and circumferential restrain can induce interlayer slipping and the change of the whole coil compactedness , the assumption concerned ——"virtual reel" in the process of coil uncoiling is put forward, which takes the form of slow action to express the uncoiling process and, therefore clearly simulates the variation course of internal stress distribution of coil in the process of coil uncoiling.

考虑到带材板凸度、卷取张力的横向分布以及带材与卷筒之间、带材与带材之间的摩擦力等因素的影响，并将钢卷按各向异性体处理，提出一套计算卷取过程中钢卷内部应力分布的数学模型；同时考虑到卸卷过程中由于卷筒的收缩，钢卷内圈失去径向和周向约束而引起层间滑移及整个钢卷紧密程度发生变化，提出钢卷卸卷过程中有关"虚拟卷筒"假设，将卸卷过程以"慢动作"的形式表示出来，清楚地模拟出卸卷过程中钢卷内部应力分布的变化历程。

In 1833 Elizabeth published her first work, a translation of Prometheus Bound by the Greek dramatist Aeschylus.

在1833年，黄钱其濂出版她的第一次工作，翻译普罗米修斯的约束，希腊剧作家埃斯库罗斯。

In this situation the helplessness of aesthetics was revealed in all its severity: not a single aesthetician could place bounds to this anarchy by drawing the boundary lines between art and pseudo-art.

在这种情况下，美学的无能被揭发得淋漓尽致：没有哪怕一位美学家能通过在艺术和伪艺术之间划定一条边界线来约束一下这种无政府主义状态。

It is not bound to the ground, and is not directly affected by physical objects.

它不受地面的约束，也不受物体的直接影响。

In the family business, the executive is subjected to both of encouragement and restriction coming from family interest and affectionateness, so there are few chances the moral risk and the opportunism behaviors of the executives will occur.

在家族企业中，经营者受到来自家族利益和亲情的双重激励和约束，经营者的道德风险和机会主义行为发生的可能性都比较低。

Linear constraint particle swarm optimization algorithm is a global optimization dealing with constraints of non-negative and affine real space.

粒子群算法虽有全局优化性能，但也会陷于局部极小，且缺少约束处理机制。

They return to small rivers and pours ports where there is little or no law afforcement enforcement .

现代海盗很难被抓住，他们隐藏在鲜有法律约束的河流中。

Modular what degree token produces a system is flexible, it and working afterbirth amount, organization is flexible factor and interfacial tie are relevant, it is the main goal that manufacturing industry organization transforms.

模块化程度表征一个生产系统的柔性，它和工作胞数目、组织柔性因子及界面约束相关，是制造业组织改造的重要目标。

At the end of the analysis, it is suggested that exerting the elastic and damping restriction on the afterbody of the headstock was the best reasonable measurement.

通过各参数的比较分析，从而得出在系统动响应最小情况下，在主轴箱尾部施加弹性阻尼约束是最佳的改进措施。

And discuss some key point of integrated management system design, include hazard identification and risk assessment and risk control in the occupational health and safety management, the measure of satisfaction target of customer, the flawlessness of law system, the integration of the integrated management system and enterprise standardization system, unify lead institution and work orgnization, integreted internal audit and integrated management review.

同时，论述了一体化管理体系构建中的几个主要问题，包括职业健康安全管理中的危险源辨识、风险评价和风险控制、顾客满意度的科学监测、法律、法规体系的完善、一体化管理体系与企业标准化体系的有机结合、统一的领导机构和工作机构、一体化的内部审核和管理评审。

Deepwater Taranaki is investigated for its petroleum potential, using all available seismic data tied to shallow-water wells.

运用与浅水井相关的现有全部震波探测数据考察了深海区塔拉纳基盆地的油藏前景。