约束

In this paper, it is shown that the increment of the plasma confinement time without consideration of radiation losses is a good scale for evaluating the plasma confinement improvement during the L-H like transition induced by electrode bias in tokamaks, if the ratio of the radiation power to the total loss power in the transition changes evidently.

辐射下降表明进入等离子体的中性粒子通量减少。这是中性粒子再循环的减小而造成的。同时，边缘密度和边缘温度下降，中心温度上升，约束得到改善，能量约束时间增加。径向电场是控制托卡马克等离子体从L模过渡到H模的关键因素。如果径向电场足够强，极向ExB旋转产生很大的剪切，剪切能够抑制边缘湍流1j。

The result shows that the erosion presents as incision when the riverbed is relative narrow and deep; To the low-water branching reach with strong boundary conditions where the riverbed is wide and shallow, the scour and deposit variation characteristics mainly presents as erosion and deposition adjustment of river island, height deviation of thalweg in the inlets and the adjustment of split ratio after impoundment To the low-water branching reach where the riverbed is wide and shallow and the lateral boundary conditions are weak, the scour and deposit variation characteristics is not restricted to the adjustment of split ratio, and the pattern of the braided reach may even be changed.

结果表明：当河段相对窄深时，河段冲刷主要为下切；当河段为相对宽浅的低水分汊河段且河岸约束较强时，蓄水以后的冲淤变化主要体现为江心洲滩的冲淤调整、汊道深泓高程差的冲淤调整，并引起主支汊分流比的调整；当河段为较为宽浅的低水分汊河段且河岸约束相对较弱时，则冲刷调整不仅限于分流比的调整，甚至会导致大的分汊格局的调整。

In the second part, the paper terns to abtaining the motion controllers with high performance by intelligent learning methods.

然后将其用于机器人复杂运动的动力学建模，讨论了机器人运动受约束时的逆动力学问题和正动力学问题，显示了本文方法在处理附加于机器人系统的约束时的统一性和方便性。

For forming query rewrittings from these mappings, our method only generates those combinations covering all subgoals of current query.

此外，本文还针对数据源具有查询能力约束或某些语义约束的情况改进了有关的算法。

On the other hand, a service provider may receive many requests at the same time, and because of the limited resources, it can't serve all of them. Consequently, for both service requesters and providers, there is a challenge of selecting interaction partners. This can be achieved by our proposed one-to-many service negotiation model.

在这个模型中，利用模糊命题表示协商参与者对服务的约束，这些约束是非数值化的；使用效用函数表示对数值化的服务非功能属性的偏好，采用二者相结合的方法建模对服务非功能属性的偏好选择。

On the basis of analyzing the thermodynamic properties and cycle performance of pure refrigerants, the paper optimizes their concentration while screening NARMs used in wide variable-temperature heat source. The practical applications of NARMs, such as R22/R123, R123/R125 etc., are studied in geothermal heat pump, seawater heat pump, air dehumidification system and dual-evaporator domestic refrigerator. The results show that the NARMs can match the limitation of a pinch point at the air-side exit of heat exchanger, reduce the unreasonable heat transfer temperature difference, and improve the COP of system. The above conclusion is proved by measuring the cycle performance of R12, MP39 and R11/R22 in a two-evaporator experimental system.

其次，本文在工质热物性和变工况循环性能分析基础上，筛选和优化了适应外部大变温热源约束条件的非共沸混合工质及其浓度配比；讨论了相变温差较大的非共沸混合工质（如R22/R123、R123/R125等）在地热源供热热泵、海水源供热热泵、双门冰箱和热泵空气除湿的应用，计算分析表明制冷与热泵系统采用相变温差较大的非共沸混合工质有利于弱化传热过程的&窄点&的约束，减小传热过程中的不合理温差，提高系统COP值；通过建立双蒸发温度循环系统试验装置，对R12、R22/R11和R22/R152a/R124循环性能进行实验研究，结果与理论分析一致。

Based on the year of Electric Power Industry 2005-2008 data sample empirical study found that: China's electric power companies of investment spending and asset liability ratio, long and short term debt ratio, the proportion of bank loans, commercial credit ratio and the ratio of long and short term borrowings were significantly negative correlation, that debt can play a listed company of China Power Investment spending restraints of debt and debt maturity structure and the different types of debt structure binding effects were not significantly difference

本文通过对我国电力上市公司2005-2008年度数据样本的实证研究发现：我国电力上市公司的投资支出与资产负债率、长短期负债比例、银行借款比例、商业信用比例以及长短期借款比例均存在显著的负相关性，证明负债可以发挥对我国电力上市公司投资支出的债务约束作用，并且负债的不同期限结构和类型结构的债务约束效果没有显著的差异性。

The existing restriction of power and decision-making system make the parters' strategies be restricted by superior government's preference in the gross roots.

农村基层现有的权力约束关系和由此而来的自上而下的供给决策体系，使参与人的策略受上级政府偏好的约束。

You cannot constrain on values like 0,"", or nulls because they would be interpreted as unconstrained.

你不能针对象0这样的字段值、&&或者null进行约束限制。因为它们都将被解释为不受约束限制的。

You cannot constrain on values like 0,"" empty nulls (reference types because they would be interpreted as unconstrained.

你不能针对象0这样的字段值、&&或者null进行约束限制。因为它们都将被解释为不受约束限制的。

And discuss some key point of integrated management system design, include hazard identification and risk assessment and risk control in the occupational health and safety management, the measure of satisfaction target of customer, the flawlessness of law system, the integration of the integrated management system and enterprise standardization system, unify lead institution and work orgnization, integreted internal audit and integrated management review.

同时，论述了一体化管理体系构建中的几个主要问题，包括职业健康安全管理中的危险源辨识、风险评价和风险控制、顾客满意度的科学监测、法律、法规体系的完善、一体化管理体系与企业标准化体系的有机结合、统一的领导机构和工作机构、一体化的内部审核和管理评审。

Deepwater Taranaki is investigated for its petroleum potential, using all available seismic data tied to shallow-water wells.

运用与浅水井相关的现有全部震波探测数据考察了深海区塔拉纳基盆地的油藏前景。