约束

The book-model distribution actuator is superior for it can generate greater acting force in lower driver voltage. The actuator is integrated with a constrained damping layer that provides an active-passive hydrid control for suppressing the vibration of thin-wall structures.

研究结果表明，书本式分布作动器是一种能在较低驱动电压下产生较大作动力的作动器，它和约束阻尼层结合构成的可控约束阻尼层主被动一体化控制技术对于薄壁结构振动的抑制效果显著，有着较好的工程应用前景。

Operations are given and testified in this paper. The research methods of intrinsical linear nonholonomic dynamics are similar to those of holonomic dynamics.The rationality and equivalence of Chetaev model and Vacco model in the intrinsical linear nonholonomic system are testified from the mathematic and mechanical aspects. The essential reason is the nonlinear property of intrinsical nonlinear nonholonomic constrain that bring on Chetaev model and Vacco model inequivalent. Chetaev model is a linear approximate method in intrinsical nonlinear nonholonomic system. Vacco dynamical equations are not satisfied to the ideal constraint force conditions, but it gives a significative ponderation on the realizations of intrinsical nonlinear nonholonomic constrain.

本文比较研究了一般非完整系统的Chetaev模型和Vacco模型，首次从力学和数学的角度论证了这两种模型在完整系统和本质线性非完整系统中的合理性和等价性；同时给出了在本质非线性非完整系统中，Chetaev模型和Vacco模型不等价的根本原因，是由本质非线性非完整约束的不确定性非线性本质所导致的；指出在本质非线性非完整系统中，Chetaev模型是一种线性近似的结果，Vacco动力学方程虽然不满足约束力的理想性质，但是为我们研究本质非线性非完整约束的物理实现提供了有益的思考。

Relative key concept and technique of this method was described in detail in this paper, such as the decomposition of balance matrix, the modes of self-stress, the modes of inextensional mechanisms, the analysis model of optimization under linear constrained condition, the integration of constrained matrix.

文中对桁架理论的奇异值分解法、自应力模态、机构位移模态、有约束线性优化数学模型、约束矩阵集成等关键概念和技术进行了详细的推导说明。

First described the current production flow about company A briefly; Secondly, analyses its manufacture scene strictly according to theory of constraint thinking process,through structured Current Reality Tree finding out its bottleneck;By structured conflict picture, seek the inflex

首先对A公司生产现场管理现状进行了简要描述；其次结合约束理论，严格按照其思维流程对该公司的生产现场进行了分析，构建了该企业的当前现实树，并找出其瓶颈所在；通过构建冲突图，寻找解决冲突的注入，建立了公司改善的未来现实树；以未来现实树为引导，结合丰田生产方式的一系列现场改善工具，从改善员工工作环境，提高员工满意度，增加员工技能培训，建立一系列制度措施保证现场的秩序化等方面入手，构建了公司的转变树，并得到了良好的执行；最后根据案例的实际运行情况，结合笔者的自身体会，对企业应用约束理论和丰田生产方式改善生产现场的操作流程提出了自己的设想。

It is analyzed in this paper that the influences from limb kinematical constraints to degrees of freedom of moving platform in parallel machine design.

文章论述了并联机床各分支链的运动约束对运动平台自由度的影响，提出了主动链和约束链的概念。

Therefore, only nondependent names are bound at the point of definition of a template, and dependent names are bound at the point of instantiation, when a template is actually used.

因此，只有nondependent名称的约束，对一个模板，依赖名称在模板时，实际使用实例，点约束的定义问题。&/页&

The topics covered in this course include: unconstrained optimization methods, constrained optimization methods, convex analysis, Lagrangian relaxation, nondifferentiable optimization, and applications in integer programming.

这门课程的主题包括：无约束最优化方法，约束最优化方法，凸分析，拉格朗日松弛法，不可微函数最优化，以及在整数规划上的应用。

A new heuristic solution algorithm is presented using an improved genetic algorithm. In the improved genetic algorithm, nondifferentiable exact penalty functions are used to transform a constrained optimization problem into a single unconstrained optimization problem, and hybrid crossovers and intermittent are applied to increase the search capability.

设计了基于改进遗传算法的启发式求解算法，该算法借助不可微精确罚函数将约束问题转化为单个无约束问题来解决，采用混合杂交和间歇变异提高算法的搜索能力。

There exits several MDO algorithms. But they are in our opinion either nonefficient or complicated. So we devised an algorithm called Subspace Approximation Optimization . In the SAO algorithm, the whole system is decomposed into one system-level optimization and several disciplinary optimizations so that a large and complicated problem can be divided into several easy-solving sub-problems. The coupling relationships and the coordination among disciplines are presented by equality constraints and these equality constraints are assigned to relevant disciplines. The optimums of design variables in system level optimization are transferred to discipline level optimization. The optimums of design variables in discipline level correspond to the point that is the nearest to the optimums of design variables in system level. If the optimums of design variables in system level are out of feasible region of discipline 1eve1, linear constraints can be built in the system level optimization using the design variable optimums obtained by the discipline level optimization. The system level optimization would improve the design of the whole system with these linear constraints.

目前，国内外已经发展出了多种飞机多学科设计优化算法，本文的重点是针对协同优化算法的不足，提出了子空间近似优化算法(Subspace ApproximatingOptimization，SAO)，SAO算法中，整个系统的优化问题被分解成一个系统级优化和若干学科级优化，而各个学科之间的耦合与权衡关系则被当作等式约束，这些等式约束将被分配到各个学科级优化中去，系统级优化的任务是寻找整个系统的最优解，而学科级优化的目标函数是以系统级优化分配下来的设计点为圆心的超球半径的平方，因此，如果系统级优化分配下来的设计点在学科级优化可行域内，则学科级优化目标函数为0，反之，则学科级优化的最优点是系统级优化当前设计点距离可行域最近的点。

Through adding new state variable and using supplement functions,the problem with restriction conditions was converted into nonrestriction problem.

通过增加新的状态变量和用补偿函数法，将本课题的有约束条件问题化为无约束条件问题，并提出了最优步长参数的动态搜索法来修改传统的梯度法，从而较完善地解决了多变量最优周期控制的计算问题。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。