约束

Bipartite matching is adopted to adjust the relations between the constraint equations and variables, and then the matching result is mapped to a data structure named Engineering Constraint Graph. A solving sequence is achieved by topology sort and strong connected component condensation of ECG.

先使用二分图最大匹配调整约束方程与自变量之间的匹配关系，然后将匹配结果映射为工程约束图，通过对工程约束图进行强连通分量凝聚和拓扑排序，得到求解序列。

By means of the fractions of the equation of the non一ideal constrained motion of the particle along the plane curve on the tangential direction and normal direction,the motion speed expression of the particle under this condition is derived,the constrained counter force is further gained,thus some non一ideal constraint problems are solved from the given angle.

通过质点沿平面曲线的非理想约束运动方程在切线和法线方向上的分式，导出质点这一条件下的运动速度表示式，并进一步求出其约束反力，从一定角度解决一些非理想约束问

A proper k total colouring of a graph G is a colouring to its vertices and edges using k colours such that no two adjacent or incident elements of G may be assigned the same colour.

利用梯度投影与罚函数相结合的技巧，将带不等式和等式约束的优化问题化成一个无约束问题，提出了初始点可任意的求解不等式、等式约束优化问题的摄动梯度投影算法；参数δk取不同的数还可以得到一类梯度投影算法，从而得出了在搜索方向和步长不精确条件下的梯度投影法，保证了在实际应用中更容易实现；在较弱条件下，证明了该算法的全局收敛性。

Unlike the conventional indirect method, it can directly implement the generator field and armature current limits accurately, thereby assuring power flow convergence and voltage collapse point identification during tracing the PV curve when generator limits constraints are considered. The critical limit constraint equation is introduced in the corrective stage of the continuation method as the additional equation to solve the limit induced bifurcation point accurately.

给出新的发电机电流极限约束的直接处理算法，解决了计及发电机电流约束时，潮流难于收敛和不易精确求出电压崩溃点的问题；对不易精确求得的极限诱导分岔点，通过在连续潮流法的校正步骤中将关键的极限约束方程作为附加方程来快速而精确地求解。

To avoid the trouble to construct the basis functions, we introduce a Lagrange multiplier into the variational formulation to replace the constraint condition for the basis.

本文采用同样的思路用Galerkin 边界元方法求解带有约束条件的与第一类Fredholm 间接边界积分方程等价的变分方程，为避免构造基函数时约束条件的限制，我们采用Lagrange 乘子法，把约束条件放入变分方程中去，形成扩展的变分方程，用线形单元离散后求解。

Then the uniqueness of the solution of variational inequality for the elastoplastic contact problems is demonstrated.

针对弹塑性接触问题所构造的等价变分不等式，解除了弹塑性本构状态约束方程和接触状态约束方程的约束。

Some key algorithms were researched here: a "cut-and-sew" algorithm was presented here to resolve the reconstruction problem of adjacent section contour lines which different from shape and polygon vertex count; a random polygon triangulation algorithm based on CDT was studied to resolve the modeling problem of complex geological model with stones and holes inside; a grid-constraining algorithm of judging whether a point is in a polyhedron was studied here to construct the corresponding geological block model which constrained to wire frame model.

研究了构模过程中的若干关键算法：提出"切开-缝合"算法，解决了形状和顶点数目差异较大的相邻剖面轮廓线重构三维形体模型问题；研究了基于约束Delaunay三角剖分的任意多边形三角剖分算法，解决了含夹石或孔洞的复杂地质体构模问题；研究了判断点在多面体内的网格约束算法，以线框模型为约束构建了相应的地质块段体模型。

Optimization of location of resource in whole society, externality of radiation detriment, limited reason and asocial Implementation of external control needs institution.

这里讨论的外部约束限定为不同决策者之间的约束，在全社会范围内资源的最优化配置、辐射危害的外部性以及决策者的有限理性和投机性构成了外部约束的充要条件。

This thesis focuses on studying the matrix equa-tion problem systematically, and proposed an abstract algorithm of solving the matrixequation with constraints, and established a strict convergence theory. Using this algo-rithm, we can solve the sets of matrix equation satisfying some constraint conditions,such as symmetric, antisymmetric, centrosymmetric, centroskew symmetric, re?exive,antire?exive, bisymmetric, symmetric and antipersymmetric, symmetric orthogonalsymmetric, symmetric orthogonal antisymmetric, Hermite generalized Hamilton ma-trix;So we can solve the problem with this algorithm, if the set of constrain matrixcan make a subspace in matrix space, and this algorithm also can solve the optimalapproximation and least squares problem. So this abstract algorithm has universal andimportant practical value.

本篇硕士论文系统地研究了此类问题，并找到了求解约束矩阵问题的抽象算法，并建立严格的收敛性理论，利用这一算法可求解约束条件为对称矩阵、反对称矩阵、中心对称矩阵、中心反对称矩阵、自反矩阵、反自反矩阵，对称正交对称矩阵、对称正交反对称矩阵、双中心矩阵、Hermite广义Hamilton矩阵等；可以说只要约束矩阵集合在矩阵空间中构成子空间，都可以考虑用此算法求解，而且这一算法还能把矩阵方程解及其最佳逼近，最小二乘解及其最佳逼近统一处理，因此本文算法有普适性和重要的实用价值。

Polymorphic type system with constraints in Garment is studied in this paper including type checking algorithm. It is proved that the satisfiability of constraints in the algorithm is decidable.

本文在Garment中引入了约束多态类型，研究了Garment中带约束的多态类型系统，给出了类型检查算法，证明了此算法中约束的可满足性是可判定的。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。