约束

A life of contemplation and activity bound up with painful trials is the way there.

沉思的生活和活动的约束与痛苦的审判方式存在。

What is it that leads to the existence of BSC, is one of the focuses of theoretic contention.

究竟是什么原因导致了预算软约束的存在，是理论界争论的热点问题之一。

First, a non-parametric density estimate method based on kernel function is adopted to estimate the statistic distribution of the SAR images, and then, the SAR images is segmented with Markovian contexture by maximizing a MAP estimator, taking the former estimation as its likelihood term.

该算法首先采用基于核函数的非参数方法估计SAR图像的统计分布，然后将此统计量作为图像分割的似然函数，利用马尔可夫上下文约束进行SAR图像分割。

The constraint imposes a predefined level of consistent neighborhood development to promote contiguity and compactness of urban areas.

约束规定了预定义的邻里发展水平相一致，以促进连续性和市区紧。

Historically? the idea of chastity in Chinese early society emerged from the continence of relations between male and female.

从历史发展的角度看，中国早期的贞节观念产生于对原始两性关系的逐步节制和约束。

This includes, but is not limited to, labor, materials, equipment, services, facilities, information technology, and special categories such as an inflation allowance or cost contingency reserve.

活动费用估算的详细支持文件包括：活动工作范围描述；估算的基础文件；假设条件；约束条件；估算结果的可能范围等。

It is a continual and dynamic process to stimulate and restrain managers in the enterprises.

对企业经理的激励约束是一个持续的、动态的过程。

Zhang's works. The integral method is proposed by Prof. Zheng in 1978. The method has a global convergence criterion, and only requires a the continuity of objective and constraint function.

郑权等于1978年提出了积分水平集求总极值的方法，其主要特点有判别总极值的收敛准则，且仅需假定目标函数与约束函数为连续的。

Furthermore, the first-order optimality condition and its equivalent reformulations for generalized semi-infinite max-min programming with a non-compact set are presented using the lower-Hadamard directional derivative and subdifferential.2. Chapter 3 studies the gradient-type methods for unconstrained optimization problems. Section 1 proposes a new class of three-term memory gradient methods. The global convergence property of the method is established. Furthermore, in order to improve the convergence property of the method, a new class of memory gradient projection methods is presented with the property that the whole sequence of iterates converges to a solution to the problem under the conditions such as pseudo-convexity and continuous differentiability of objective function. In section 2, two new classes of methods, called gradient-type method with perturbations and hybrid projection method with perturbations, are proposed. In these methods, non-monotone line search technique is employed, which makes them easily executed in computer.

第3章研究了无约束优化问题的梯度型算法，第1节提出了一类新的三项记忆梯度算法，讨论了算法的全局收敛性，进一步提出了一类新的具有更好收敛性质的记忆梯度投影算法，并证明了该算法在函数伪凸的情况下具有整体收敛性，第2节在非单调步长搜索下提出了带扰动项的梯度型算法及其混合投影算法，这两类算法的一个重要特征就是步长采用线搜索确定而不象许多文献中那样要求步长趋于零，这样更容易在计算机上实现，在较弱的条件下证明了这些算法的全局收敛性，数值算例表明了算法的有效性。

Hence we can map ELOTOS to RPPM according to the trace equivalence. We describe the qualitative properties with deterministic timed automaton . The key of our qualitative model checking algorithm is how to map continuous time to finite intervals by constructing equivalence classes.

该算法构造等价类的思想是：通过触发事件剩余延迟时间与DTA中时钟时间值或其它事件的剩余延迟时间值的相互关系将连续时间映射到有穷个加了标志变量的时间区间，标志变量表示这种相互约束关系。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。