纤毛

AIM: Respiratory tract cilia are difficult to harvest and observe due to weak transparence, which results from their location in thick mucosa, so people always try to obtain ciliated cells with many methods.

目的：由于呼吸道纤毛取材困难，并且生长在较厚的黏膜上，透光性较差而难以进行直接观察，因此人们尝试用不同的方法获取纤毛细胞。

The structure of epithelial goblet cells, ciliated cells and cellula columnoepithelialis were normal under the observation of scanning electron microscope.

透射电镜下显示纤毛或微绒毛无破坏，细胞间紧密连接完整，纤毛超微结构正常，上皮细胞的细胞核及线粒体结构完整的。

But we could recognize the efferent ducts because the cilia of the ciliated cells became red using HE staining .The epithelial cell height became higher and higher with time passing by.

睾丸输出小管的扩张，上皮高度的下降变得扁平使它的管腔也变得圆滑，但是在HE染色下纤毛上皮细胞的长长的纤毛被染成红色倒成了辨别睾丸输出小管的标志。

If you made a cross-section of a cilium and made a photograph of it with an electron microscope, you would see that the internal structure of the cilium is composed of a central pair of fibers surrounded by an additional 9 pairs of these same fibers arranged in a circle.

如果对纤毛做一个横切面，用电子显微镜拍摄，可以看到纤毛的内部结构有十对纤维，其中一对在中间，被另外九对相同的、成圆形排列的纤维包围着。

It was seen that there were obvious epithelial changes caused by erosion such as cilium shedding, cell stripping and surface depression. In the meantime, there were mycoplasmas adhering to the epithalial surface or tips of remainder cilia.

扫描电镜观察，在接种MG的气管环上，见到明显的纤毛脱落、细胞剥离、粘膜面凹陷等上皮受侵蚀变化，同时见霉形体附着于光秃的上皮表面或残存纤毛的顶端。

For the recovery stroke, the cilium bends near the base, and the bend moves down the length of the cilium as it hugs the surface of the cell until it reaches its previous stretched out position, again having moved 180 degrees back to its original position.

之后是recovery stroke，纤毛在根部附近开始弯曲，这弯曲的动作沿着纤毛的长度移动，使其逐步靠向细胞表面，直至回复原本伸展的状态，即是同样移动了180度回到初始位置。

Both cilia and flagella have the same internal structure: nine doublets are arranged in a ring and extend the length of the cilum or flagellum, and two more imcrotubules run down the center of the ring.

鞭毛和纤毛都有相同的内部结构：九对排列在一个环上，鞭毛和纤毛伸展着长度，两个以上的微管沿着环的中心向下运动。

Coli HB101 expressed fimbriae as well as E. coli HB101 indicating the involvement of MrkF in fimbriation.

此外，基因重组大肠杆菌HB101与HB101皆能产生纤毛，显示MrkF可能参与纤毛组装过程。

These cells expressed ciliary marker proteins, such as beta-tubulin I and hepatocyte nuclear factor-3/forkhead homolog 4 (HFH-4), and processed microtubules were arranged in the 9 + 2 structure, which is the same specific alignment obsered in normal ciliary microtubules.

这些细胞表达纤毛标志蛋白，如beta-tubulin I 和hepatocyte nuclear factor-3/forkhead homolog 4 (HFH-4)，细胞中微管的排列也是9 + 2 模式，这和正常纤毛细胞微管的特异性排列一致。

Background— Primary ciliary dyskinesia is a recessie genetic disorder that is characterized by sinopulmonary disease and reflects abnormal ciliary structure and function. Situs inersus totalis occurs in 50% of PCD patients (Kartagener's syndrome in PCD), and there are a few reports of PCD with heterotaxy, such as cardioascular anomalies.

背景 先天性纤毛运动异常症是以呼吸道感染和纤毛结构与功能不正常为特征的隐性遗传性疾病。50% PCD患者易发生完全性内脏异位(如PCD中的Kartagener综合征)，有小部分PCD伴有心脏旋转不良等心血管异常现象。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。