红树

Based on comparison of the chloroplast genomes, the estimated time of divergence between the two populations is consistent with the emergence time of the Kra Isthmus. However, ancient and recent gene flow obscures the phylogenetic relationships between eastern and western haplotypes.

经由单套型在亲缘分析结果显示，在地峡东、西两岸的细蕊红树族群无法呈现良好的解析力，显示古地质事件造成的族群扩张和近代海流造成的长距离基因交流导致此结果。

Bowman, a famous biologist in 1878. To avoid confusion it is best to use the word mangal when dealing with the mangrove forest community, and the word mangrove for individual mangrove species.

一八七八年一位著名的生物学家鲍曼首次使用这名词，为免混淆，应用 Mangal 代表整个红树林， Mangrove 则代表一棵红树。

Halophytophthora species are common zoosporic oomycetes in subtropical and tropical mangrove forest.

Halophytophthora属是红树林中常见的藻菌，多分离自红树林的落叶中。

We also have studies the fossil record and phytogeographic history of Rhizophoraceae, modern flora and vegetation of Hainan Island.

此外，我们还研究了红树科植物的化石记录及植物地理史，同时研究了海南岛现代植物区系和植被特征。

There are 67 species of higher plants, of which 13 Section 18 of mangrove plant species, mainly Kandelia candel, wood rugby, Pittosporum trees, mangrove, sea concanavalin, rattan and fisheries, sea paint, such as rats.

有高等植物67种，其中红树植物13科18种，主要是秋茄、木榄、桐花树、海榄雌、海刀豆、渔藤、海漆、老鼠等。

The overview discussed the 8 factors affected the survival rates, and the plantable tidal flats and the threshold of waterlogging time of mangroves seedlings. The different inundation classes of mangrove and the critical tidal level fits for mangroves forestation were summarized.

本文从影响红树林造林成活率的8种自然因子和人为因子出发，着重探讨了滩面高程和临界淹水时间，并对国内外对红树植物潮汐淹水的等级的确定，以及国内各地造林过程中的宜林临界线的测定进行了综述。

Rhizophora stylosa are arboreal mangrove plants. The responses of Rs to different salinity are relatively dissimilar.

红海榄属于乔木红树植物，它对不同盐度的生理反应存在着差异。

The observed cell showed signal spots and their location in different region of chromosomes in different lines.The experimental results mentioned above demonstrated that Rhizophora apiculota DNA have been introduced into tomato and integrated with tomato genome. The obvious improvement in the salt tolerance among their progenies was most probably related with the variation of their genome.

通过以上细胞生物学和分子生物学的研究表明，外源DNA已导入普通番茄，与其基因组整合并遗传给后代，外源红树DNA片段的渗入导致了转化植株在形态、细胞结构以及分子水平上的变异，转化番茄后代耐盐能力的增强可能与番茄基因组的这种变化有关。

Since 1992,in the Institute of Biological Science and Technology of Hainan University,the pollen tube introduction method was used to breed tomato with total DNA of Rhizophora apicularta,a salt-tolerant,seashore-grown plant.

1992年以来，海南大学生物技术研究所开始用花粉管方法将红树总DNA导入普通番茄，在海滩上用海水进行耐盐性筛选，首次获得了能耐海水浇灌的耐盐番茄。

The cDNA (BplPAL1) encoding phenylalanine ammonia-lyase were cloned from Betula platyphylla by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and 5' and 3' rapid amplification of cDNA ends, which contains an open reading frame (2322 bp) encoding 773 amino acids. The amino acid sequences contain two functional domains of PAL-HAL and PAL, and the sequence of enzyme active site, which has 60%~73% of consistency with other five plant species and the consistency with Rhizophora mangle is the highest (73.1%).

利用RT-PCR和RACE技术从白桦中克隆了编码苯丙氨酸解氨酶的cDNA，其2322bp的ORF编码773个氨基酸，其推导的氨基酸序列包含PAL-HAL和PAL2个功能域以及酶活性中心序列GTITASGDLVPLSYIA，该序列同其它5种植物的序列一致性为60%~73%，其中与美洲红树最高为73.1%。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。