红外辐射

Principle of thermal infrared stealth and the basic components of low infrared emissivity coatings were introduced in this paper.

本文简述了红外隐身的原理，红外低辐射率涂料的组成，概括了红外隐身涂料中填料，粘合剂及添加剂的选择要求，介绍了涂料的涂层技术。

Nature the whole temperatureses are high in the object of absolute zero(-273.15 ° Cs), because of molecular hot sport, all at without intermission to surroundings the space radiation include a red and outside wave band at inside of electromagnetic wave, the temperature relation between its radiation energy density and object matches the gram of Plank laws.

红外温度检测系统自然界一切温度高于绝对零度（-273.15°C）的物体，由于分子的热运动，都在不停地向周围空间辐射包括红外波段在内的电磁波，其辐射能量密度与物体本身的温度关系符合普朗克定律。

Design the structure of high performance Low-E film including its material and thickness of every layer according to basic optical theory. Carry out an innovative work to calculate its optical performance by characteristic matrices and optical admittance. Compare the results with those we get by traditional measurement.3. Prepare Low-E films with RF magnetron controlled reactive sputtering. The result shows that in the visible region (380nm-780nm), the highest transmittance is 82.4% while the average value is 75%. In the NIR region (780nm-2500nm), the average transmittance is 16.2%. These characters can fit the demand of the glass used in architecture and cars, and also in other applications.4. We novelly use the material Titanium as protective layer to solve the problem that Ag layer would disappear when depositing the second TiO_2 layer. As the protective layer, Ti does not increase the number of targets so as to lower the costs. The thickness of the protective layer Titanium is adjusted by controlling of sputtering time. Results shows the Low-E films get the best optical character when the sputtering time of Titanium is 20 seconds5. We novelly proposed a new transmittance quality factor Q=_·(?_-__ to evaluate the performances of Low-E films, which makes it easier to judge the qualities of Low-E film.6. The photocatalysis of Titanium dioxides is researched and introduced into Low-E films. Sb-doped TiO_2 thin films are prepared. Its photocatalysis and hydrophilicity are measured.

论文的工作主要有：1、总结了低辐射薄膜的制备方法，性能，以及国内外最新研究进展和应用，并对两种类型的低辐射薄膜进行了比较。2、从光学基本理论开始，设计了离线低辐射薄膜的结构，包括每一层的材料和厚度，并创新性的用特性矩阵和光学导纳理论计算了该离线膜的光学性能，利用软件对其进行了仿真，与实际制备的薄膜所测量的性能相比较。3、完成在实验室仪器上制备低辐射薄膜，掌握其工艺条件，解决了超薄金属膜的制备问题，所制备的低辐射薄膜在可见光区(380hm-780hm)最高可达82.4%，平均透射率为75%；在近红外区(780nm-2500nm)的平均透射率为16.2%，其性能达到建筑物幕墙玻璃，汽车前挡玻璃等应用标准，并为进一步的大规模生产打下基础。4、针对中间银层在镀上层膜时易被氧化这一工艺难题，本研究创新性的提出用Ti膜作为保护膜，没有增加新的靶材，提高了生产效率，并节约了生产成本。

As a solvent, it was mixed with various quantity of pigskin collagen powder. During the dissolution, three kinds of heating methods were applied. The one was be heated in water bath directly, the second one was be heated in water by microwave radialization and the third one was be heated by microwave radialization directly.

通过普通水浴加热，微波辐射水浴加热和微波直接辐射加热三种方式研究了离子液体对胶原蛋白的溶解能力，对不同质量浓度的溶液进行傅里叶变换红外测定，分析溶液中的胶原蛋白结构的变化，最后，对溶液进行再生得到皮胶原蛋白膜，并进行红外分析。

Judge clouds' effect on solar radiation by satellite cloud map gray scale values, therefore establish and confirm the relationship between them. Roughly acquire optical depth of clear sky and clouds from radiation station data and routine meteorological data of land surface, and the study the relationship between clouds' physical character and radiation....

通过卫星云图的计数值来判断云对辐射的作用，以此建立起它们之间的关系；利用地面观测资料和常规资料来粗略求取晴空大气和云光学厚度，进而研究云的物理属性与辐射关系；简单的获取地表与近地面大气之间的辐射关系，以此估算地表的反照率，和地表的净辐射；分析了卫星可见光、红外及水汽云图计数值和地面辐射之间关系，利用辐射传输公式来推倒和分析云对辐射的关系，试图建立起卫星测值与地表总辐射和净辐射之间的关系，并将晴空和有云的个例分开，分别建立并选出最佳模式，以此来估算地表的净辐射和总辐射。

In this paper, the theory and mathematic model of infrared temperature measurement was established according to the principle of blackbody radiation .

从黑体辐射原理出发分析了红外测温的工作原理，推导了它的数学模型，描述了物体的辐射功率与波长、温度之间的关系，即红外测温必须根据实际测温范围，选择不同的工作波长。

Finally, based on theoretical analysis and structure designs of a-Si and polySiGe bolometers and TFT-based room-temperature infrared detectors, layouts and process-flow designs are performed. The a-Si and polySiGe bolometers with various structures and dimensions are fabricated using the MEMS-IC integration processes proposed in this dissertation. For the first time, the a-Si TFT-based room-temperature infrared detectors and arrays are demonstrated. Several fabrication runs are conducted to increase the yield.

在理论分析和结构设计的基础上，对a-Si、polySiGe测辐射热计和a-Si TFT室温红外探测器进行了版图和工艺设计，采用基于多孔硅牺牲层技术的MEMS-IC集成工艺制作了多种结构尺寸的a-Si和PolySiGe测辐射热计，并且首次实现了a-Si TFT室温红外探测器及阵列，进行了多次工艺流水，器件成品率较高。

The difference in temperature of the surface of the sample will be produced when the sample is immitted continuous heat, for the different configuration in the sample. The damage is detected by the temperature of the surface obtained by Infrared detector. It names Infrared Thermography. It is a nondestructive, non-contact and real-time technique, and has important status in nondestructive damage evaluation.

红外热像技术是把连续热流注入试件表面，热流向试件内部扩散情况与试件内部材料情况有关，并随时间推移使试件表面产生温差，再依据被测物连续辐射红外线的物理现象，采用红外摄像电子分析仪器与计算机处理器摄取红外线辐射的强弱程度，并转换为被测范围内的温度场分布的图像，借以直观的识别与判定试件近表面的缺陷情况。

Based on the split window method, the classification of the ground land cover types, and the given spectral emissivities range in thermal infrared bands for each ground class and the fact that the actual land surface temperatures are the same for all thermal bands of MODIS, the land surface temperature were determined by means of maximum correlation and least square fit.

因此，本文在地表温度遥感定量反演的局地分裂窗算法的基础上，依据MODIS的多个热红外通道，其中的任意两个通道组合，通过分裂窗算法得到的地表温度都应该相等这样一个事实，在对地物进行分类的基础上，给定地物的波段比辐射率的范围，借助于两组温度之间的最大相关和最小方差，通过迭代的方式得到地表温度和分裂窗算法所使用的MODIS热红外通道的波段比辐射率。

In order to obtain infrared spectral radiance distribution of some infrared sources, such as spectral radiant flux density, spectral radiant intensity, spectral radiance and spectral irradiance, the instrument response function under different conditions must be known.

在应用红外发射光谱来获得某些红外源的绝对光谱能量数据，如辐射源光谱辐射通量密度、辐射源光谱辐射强度、辐射源光谱辐射亮度及光谱辐射照度等时，需要得知不同条件下的仪器响应函数。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。