繁殖

To solve the problem, outbreeding strategy and dynamic fitness function strategy: outbreed and timely change standard of evaluating individuals were proposed to increase diversity and select excellent individuals; The experiments showed that the performance of traditional GEP is effectively improved by the combination of OBS and DFFS. The average fitness for the best individual is increased by 7%~14%, the maximal fitness is increased by over 7%, and the success rate is increased by over 30%.

提出了远缘繁殖策略和动态适应度函数策略，远亲繁殖并及时变换评估个体的标准，增加多样性并有利于选择优质个体；实验表明，将远缘繁殖和动态适应度函数策略结合，有效地改善了传统GEP的性能，进化代数平均下降达10%，平均最高适应度值提高7%~14%，最高适应度提高达7%以上，进化的成功率提高达30%以上。

Algorithms describing links between potentially important explanatory variables to estimate fecundity were first established, and these were followed by practical observations in order to validate the method under two extreme situations: 1 straight forward fecundity estimation in a determinate, single-batch spawner: Atlantic herring Clupea harengus and 2 challenging fecundity estimation in an indeterminate, multiple-batch spawner: Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus.

首先确立潜在重要解释性变化与繁殖力间联系的算法，然后是为了确定下面两种情形下使用的方法的实际观察：1）在确定的单次产卵类型中直接的繁殖力估计：大西洋鲱鱼 Clupea harengus 2）确定的分批产卵鱼类竞争性的繁殖估计：日本牙鲆 Paralichthys olivaceus 。

We proposed, therefore, using adequate numbers of spawner obtai ned from various localities in artificial propagation and inoculating genetic ma terials from natural populations periodically are probably an effective measure to maintain or to increase the genetic variability in an artificially propagated fish stock.

我们认为生产上采用数量大、来源广的亲鱼进行人工繁殖，并定期用天然种群更换或补充繁殖用亲鱼很可能是保持或增加鱼类人工繁殖种群遗传变异性的一种有一效手段。关键词同工酶座位，电泳，遗传变异性，天然种群，草鱼

Blood Pheasan lived in groups in winter In the breeding season the tendency living in groups also existed among non-breeding subadult males, breeding adult males or paired birds.

冬季集群活动。繁殖季节不参加繁殖的亚成体雄鸟、参加繁殖的成体雄鸟或配偶对往往也有集群活动的倾向。

Agonistic behavior and hierarchical formation of the Przewalski's Horse was conducted from the last ten-day in May to the last ten-day in June, 2007, when a new herd was formed and released into the second reintroduction site in Kalamaili Ungulate Reserve, Xinjiang. Focal sampling and all-occurrence sampling methods were used to observe and record the agonistic behaviors of the herd, and the dominance index of each individual was calculated.

2007年5月下旬至6月下旬，针对新组群并放归于卡拉麦里有蹄类保护区第二放归点的普氏野马繁殖群，采用焦点动物取样法和全事件记录法，观测记录了组群和放归初期繁殖群内个体间的争斗行为，以优势指数法确定繁殖群内的个体等级序列。

Invasive plants reproduce rapidly, either vegetatively or by seed.

入侵的植物繁殖快(不管是营养繁殖或通过种子繁殖)。

You have reproduced the plant vegetatively (leaf cutting or, in the case of a chimera, sucker propagation) through at least three generations, and the offspring have reproduced true to the original plant.

至少繁殖三代以上(叶子，侧芽或是砍头繁殖)且繁殖的小孩的花朵颜色型态都要跟母株完全一样。4。命名的方式要依据品种国际编码。

Scholaris and Coffea arabica (2.500 kg). Nine to eleven months after planting, A. scholaris trees grow very fast. Total biomass per plant of seed-propagated trees is 28.41kg, 3.21 times that of vegetatively propagated trees. Therefore, it is recommended that seed-propagated seedlings be used in A. scholaris production.

移栽定植后9~11个月是糖胶树生长的最快阶段；用种子进行苗木繁殖的糖胶树，其单株总生物量为28.41 kg，是营养繁殖的3.21倍，在生产上大面积推广时宜采用糖胶树种子进行幼苗繁殖。

Corylus heterophylla vegetative propagation was relatively difficult, layering method was mainly used at present, but low coefficient of propagation limited mass production of its seedlings.

榛子是一种无性繁殖相对困难的树种，目前主要采用压条法进行繁殖，繁殖系数低，这限制了榛子苗的大量生产。

Breed can be used sow law, cuttage law and Qiegenfa to breed, sow ℃ of 20-25 of gemmiparous comfortable Wen Wei to control, spring, summer, Qiu Jun but, left and right sides of a month after sowing is gemmiparous, sow although the law is OK short time acquires more plant amount, but from the time that sows to blossom longer, still be much commonly so with cuttage breed is given priority to, cuttage with spring, summer two Ji Wei is comfortable period, insert with terminal bud for beautiful, cuttage sends a root extremely easily, cuttage hind can become a young plant about 4 weeks.

繁殖可利用播种法。扦插法及切根法繁殖，播种发芽适温为20-25℃左右，春。夏。秋均可，播种后约1个月左右发芽，播种法虽然可以短时间获得较多的植株数量，但是从播种到开花的时间较长，所以一般还是多以扦插繁殖为主，扦插以春。夏两季为适期，以顶芽插为佳，扦插极轻易发根，扦插后约4周即可成苗。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。