紫罗兰

The condensation reaction of citral with acetone catalyzed by aqueous sodium hydroxide solution to give pseudoionone was studied in detail.

前言 丙酮和柠檬醛在氮氧比钠水溶液的催化作用「生成假性紫罗兰酮是国内外应用得较为f一泛的合成紫罗兰酮的方法。

Then,the oxidation ofβ-ionone catalyzed by CMPS-Co_2 has been performed,andβ-ionone was oxidized to 4-oxo-β-ionone as the main product,and the influence of a series of different conditions for the reaction was also investigated.

首先将催化剂CMPS-Co_2应用于β-紫罗兰酮的催化氧化，主要得到4-氧代-β-紫罗兰酮，并考察了不同反应条件对β-紫罗兰酮选择性氧化的影响。

However, only β-ionone replaced the bis-ANS of MmedCSP1 by 50%, and the binding constant was 16.89 μmol/L.

但只有脂类化合物β-紫罗兰酮能在浓度为1mmol/L下将bis-ANS从MmedCSP1中替换50%，β-紫罗兰酮与MmedCSP1的结合常数为16.89μmol/L。

Ionone was synthesized from Litsea cubeba oil and lemen oil ,and condition of condensation,cyclization and purification of product was studied.

以山苍子油、柠檬草油为原料合成紫罗兰酮，研究了缩合反应、环化反应、产品精制的工艺条件；并缩合反应中，柠檬醛的转化率为99%以上，产品得率95%；环化反应中，假性紫罗兰酮的转化率98%以上，产品得率90%。

Results show that 4-oxo-β-ionone is the major product with yield of 53.5% under the conditions as follows: reaction temperature 45℃, reaction time 24 h, the molar ratio of n: n(NaClO3): n 20: 100: 3, and pH value of solution in 1-3; on the other hand, 5,6-epoxy-β-ionone is major product with yield of 25.4% when reaction temperature is 40℃, reaction time is 24 h, the molar ratio of n: n(NaClO3): n is 20: 120: 5, and pH values of solution is 3. The excessive β-ionone can be recovered by vacuum distillation for reusing again. 4-oxo-β-ionone and 5,6-epoxy-3-ionone were purified by recrystallization and silica gel column chromatograph respectively with the purity over 98%.

研究结果表明：氯酸钠氧化β-紫罗兰酮的反应主要生成4-氧代－β-紫罗兰酮和5，6-环氧－β-紫罗兰酮，经重结晶和硅胶柱层析分离，纯度高于98%；4-氧代－β-紫罗兰酮的有利合成条件是反应温度为45℃，反应时间为24h，溶液的pH值为1~3，反应物配比n：n(NaClO3)：n为20：100：3，最佳收率为53.5%；5，6-环氧－β-紫罗兰酮有利的合成条件是反应温度为40℃，反应时间为24h，溶液的pH值为3，反应物配比n：n(NaClO3)：n为20：120：5，其收率为25.4%；未反应的β-紫罗兰酮经减压蒸馏回收后可重复使用。

Iris raldeine is a mixture for variety Isomethyl Ionone isomers with multi-notes, except for its mild green sweet character; it also has a unique iris-like powder note, together with a very slight leather feeling.

香气描述这是一个具有多韵复合特征的异甲基紫罗兰酮的混合物，除了其清甜柔美的花香以外，与市售的异甲基紫罗兰酮相比，它更多了一种独特的鸢尾粉香，并略带皮革香气。

During the reaction, a by- product, shown as formula below, is formed at the same time as the pseudo-ionone, because of an impurity in the citral, thereby resulting in a mixture of pseudo- ionone and formula, referred to herein as a pseudo- ionone mixture or as crude pseudo-ionone.

假性紫罗兰酮的制备柠檬醛和丙酮的下列反应：这种反应通常是进行的温度面向对象之间的1000长在反应，1分产品，如公式所示以下，在形成同时，伪酮，因为有一个杂质在柠檬，从而在一个假性和公式混合物产生的，下称一假性混合物或原油伪紫罗兰。

A series of L-histidine Schiff bases that include Sal-His (H2L^1), Br-Sal-His(H2L^2), NO2-Sal-His (H2L^3) and their Cu complexes were synthesized, and the catalytic behavior of Schiff-base-Cu for the oxidation of β-ionone to 4-oxo-β-ionone as well as the effects of substitutents on these properties were examined.

合成了芳环上含不同取代基的Schiff碱配体（水杨醛缩组氨酸(H2L^1)、5-溴水杨醛缩组氨酸(H2L^2)、5-硝基水杨醛缩组氨酸(H2L^3)及其铜配合物，研究了其作为催化剂应用于催化分子氧氧化β-紫罗兰酮制备4-氧代－β-紫罗兰酮中的行为。

As shown by the result, the biomass and astaxanthin content of oceanic red yeast was reduced due to the presence of β-ionone which inhibited the synthesis of carotenoids. The lethality rate of oceanic red yeast would attained 92.3% if 370 mg/L of the β-ionone concentration was contained in the plate medium. The oceanic red yeast mutated by ethyl methane sulfonate was cultured on plate medium containing 370 mg/L of the β-ionone. 200 mutants were randomly screened, positive mutants with increased the biomass, astaxanthin volumetric yield and astaxanthin specific yield accounted for 18% of the total strain, the mutants with higher biomass, astaxanthin volumetric yield and astaxanthin specific yield higher occupied 22.5%, 45% and 46%, respectively.

实验结果表明，在β-紫罗兰酮存在的情况下，由于类胡萝卜素合成受到抑制，海洋红酵母的生物量和虾青素合成量都减少；当平板培养基中β-紫罗兰酮浓度达到370 mg/L时，海洋红酵母的致死率为92.3%；在这种平板培养基上涂布经甲基磺酸乙酯诱变的海洋红酵母，随机筛选200个菌落，结果表明生物量、虾青素体积产率和细胞产率均有所提高的正突变株占18%，生物量、虾青素体积产率和细胞产率的单项指标有所提高的正突变株分别占22.5%、45%和46%。

Botany Any of several Eurasian and Mediterranean plants of the genus Matthiola in the mustard family, especially M. incana, widely cultivated for its clusters of showy, variously colored flowers.

紫罗兰：任一种生长于欧洲和地中海的十字花科紫罗兰属植物，尤指欧洲南部紫罗兰，因其开大而炫丽的彩色花而被广泛种植

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。