索引

Generate compound file to will spend more time 2 · optimize index is many index the file incorporates actually the process of individual file, to reduce the quantitative level of index file, the operation that reads the time that takes index file to undertake can reduce when the search.

生成复合文件将消耗更多的时间 2·优化索引其实就是将多个索引文件合并成单个文件的过程，为了减少索引文件的数量级，能在搜索时减少读取索引文件的时间进行的操作。

It expands the original two-level index to multi-level index, and introduces a continuous flag bit storage method that is able to extremely reduce memory overhead of routing index table while not obviously affecting the lookup efficiency.

一种改进的多分枝trie树查找算法，即多级索引路由查找算法，将原有算法中的二级索引扩展为多级索引，并引入了标志位连续存储的方式，在基本不影响查找效率的前提下，极大地减小了路由索引表的内存开销。

When operating an index block, it can not affect other index terms; hence it can online update the index information in any index block.

由于每一索引块只用于存储有关同一索引项的索引信息，所以在对一个索引块中进行操作时，不会影响其他索引项，于是可以对任何索引块中的索引信息进行在线更新。

Three index softs were analyzed such as The Star Of Index, WORD and the soft myself.

主要研究了机编索引的步骤与方法，对索引之星、WORD索引软件和自编语词索引软件进行了比较分析，(来源：ABCc94c论文网www.abclunwen.com)对索引排序方法进行了深入探讨。

Search by Keyword; Browse the Subject Index; Creator Index; Geographic Location Index; Title Index

关键词检索；主题索引浏览；创建者索引；地理位置索引；题名索引

Using a concordance file can speed up production of an index, but unless the words are very carefully selected and you edit the index afterwards, the resulting index can be full of entries for minor mentions of a term, making it less useful than a more selective index.

使用索引文件可以加快索引速度，但是除非仔细选择单词并在后面编辑索引，索引虽有很多条目却较少提及术语，所以不如有更多选择性的索引有用。

Then the spatial index is constructed which includes not only the external approximate expression but also interior approximate expression of spatial object and is extended from tranditional index only with external approximate expression. The index structures of MR-tree and MRD-tree based on multi-approximate expression are set up with the prototype index of R-tree, and the relevant algorithms about the index of insertion, deletion and search are provided. Then, the efficiencies of constructing index based on the multi-approximate expression and window range query are analysised and compared. In addition, the several algorithms and efficiency of soving the maximum enclosed circle and maximum enclosed rectangle are discussed and analyzed during constructing index based on multi-approximate expression.

首先，论文讨论了空间数据的特点、空间数据库的关键技术以及空间对象间的拓扑、距离以及方向关系，分析了空间对象的外部和内部近似表达，然后将传统索引中只利用空间对象的外部近似扩展为既有空间对象的外部近似又有空间对象的内部近似，即以空间对象的多重近似来构建索引，并以R-tree为索引原型构建基于多重近似的MR-tree和MRD-tree索引结构，然后给出了相关索引的插入、删除及查找算法，并通过实验比较分析了基于多重近似索引与基于外部近似索引的构建效率及窗口范围查询效率。

The method comprises searching the undermost leaf node corresponding to a key word in a pre-established index tree; acquiring a block corresponding to the leaf node in the pre-stored IP address area of the virtual private network and corresponding index information, wherein the block comprises one or more consecutive IP address area and corresponding index information; acquiring the IP address area to which the key word belongs in the block; and searching the routing list corresponding to the index information according to the indexing information corresponding to the IP address area.

所述方法包括：在预先建立的索引树中查找关键字对应的最下层的叶子节点；在预先存储的虚拟私用网的IP地址区间和对应的索引信息中，获取叶子节点对应的块，该块包括一个或多个连续的IP地址区间和相应的索引信息；在该块内获取关键字所属的IP地址区间；根据该IP地址区间对应的索引信息，找到该索引信息对应的路由表项。所述装置包括：查找模块和获取模块。

Based on the development, classification, comparation of classific algorithms of spatial indices, the paper designs two efficient spatial indices including the improved quadtree and R+tree, applies them into spatial query processing, and realizes the spatial select query algorithm based the improved quadtree and R+tree, and nearest and k-nearest neighbour query based R tree.

在对空间索引技术的发展、分类和典型算法比较的讨论基础之上，本文设计并实现了两个高效的空间索引—改进的四叉树索引和R+树索引，并将这两个索引应用到空间查询处理中，分别实现了基于改进四叉树和基于R+树的空间选择查询算法以及基于R树的最临近查询和K最临近查询算法。

And the direction query efficiency based on multi-approximate index is compared with that based on taditional external approximation index. 2 The algorithms of nearest neighbor and reverse nearest neighbor about point, line and ploygen based on multi-approximate index are proposed after the virous methods of distance measure are discussed in detail. And the query efficiency of NN and RNN based on multi-approximate index is compared with that based on taditional external approximation index. 3 The basic concept of semi-join and the strategy of distance-direction semi-join are introduced. And the model of distance relationship, direction relationship and the bounding for spatial object are discussed. Then the method is presented about how to implement the query of distance-direction semi-join, and the efficiency of the algorithm based on multi-approximate index is compared with that based on taditional external approximation index.

即：1在方向关系矩阵模型、开域方向模型基础上，讨论了基于多重近似索引下的定性与定量方向检索方法，并通过实验对基于多重近似索引与外部近似索引下的方向检索效率进行了对比分析；2详细讨论了各种距离度量方法，提出了基于多重近似索引下的点、线、面的最邻近查询和反最邻近查询算法，并通过实验对基于多重近似索引与外部近似索引下的最邻近查询和反最邻近查询效率进行比较分析；3介绍了半连接的基本概念，探讨了距离关系、方向关系以及空间对象数量的约束模型，给出了基于多重近似索引下的距离方向半连接实现方法，并通过实验对基于多重近似索引与外部近似索引下的距离方向半连接的效率进行了比较分析。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。