素因

The land bridge idea was supported by noted scientists, including German naturalist Heinrich Haeckel (1834–1919) and Alfred Russell Wallace (1823–1913), who had developed a theory of evolution similar to Darwin's.

土地大桥构想是支持科学家指出，包括德国博物学家海克尔海因里希（ 1834年至1919年）和阿尔弗雷德罗素华莱士（ 1823年至1913年）曾制定了一个进化论类似达尔文的。

There is an edited edition of his letters from his trip round the world on HMS Beagle（注2）, an effort to connect his life with that of Abraham Lincoln (who was born on the same day, February 12th 1809), an attempt (surely redundant for supporters and futile for opponents) to explain "Why Evolution is True", and even a collection of essays on Alfred Russel Wallace（注3）, who came up with the idea of natural selection at the same time as Darwin, and bounced him into publishing before he was really ready.

有一本书对达尔文乘坐贝格尔号环游世界期间所写信件加以修订，另一本费尽心思将他与同于1809年2月12日出生的亚伯拉罕。林肯牵扯在一起，还有试图解释"进化论为什么不可摇撼"（当然，这对支持者略显多余；对反对者则是徒劳无功），甚至有一本关于阿尔弗雷德。罗素。华莱士的随笔集也随之问世（华莱士和达尔文同时提出了自然选择的理论，正因读到华莱士的论文，达尔文的《物种起源》才未臻成熟就付诸出版）。

Dirschl and Wilson[1] recommend a triple antibiotic solution of bacitracin, neomycin, and polymyxin, since it provides the most complete coverage in both clean and contaminated wounds.

Dirschl and Wilson[1]推荐使用含杆菌肽、新霉素和多粘菌素三种抗生素的液体，因其对清洁或污染的伤口均可提供最完全覆盖。

It will expose the design problem of maintainability of civil airplane to the early stage of design. This paper discusses the composing of the virtual maintenance environment, builds non-immersion virtual maintenance environment of undercarriage, and establishes a part library management system. The characteristic of maintainability models and maintainability analysis based on virtual technique is researched to give the maintainability frame model of civil airplane virtual maintainability analysis. All levels of maintenance time model and maintenance man-hour model are established. Analog-Huffman code is proposed to optimize space partition method in traditional collision detection arithmetic."Maintenance therblig"is brought into the broken down of maintenance tasks, and the new maintenance tasks broken down method is proposed. The demands of human measure, position, and equipment layout in human engineering are discussed, and the verification methods of human measure, position and equipment layout in virtual maintenance are given. Basic principle and verification procedure of maintainability virtual verification is developed primarily, and the reachablity, the visibility, and posture-comfortability are verified.

本文论述了虚拟维修环境的组成，构建了某型飞机主起落架非沉浸式虚拟维修环境，建立了维修对象的零件库管理系统；研究了基于虚拟技术的维修性模型特点及维修性分析流程，给出了基于虚拟技术的民机维修性分析框架模型，并结合传统维修性模型，建立了各级维修时间模型和维修工时模型；提出类HUFFMAN编码，结合人因工程的要求，优化了传统碰撞检测算法中的空间分割法，使之适用于柔体；在维修性分解中引入"维修动素"，给出了与CATIA、DELMIA等应用软件结合紧密的维修任务分解方法；论述了人因工程中对人体尺寸、姿势、设备布局的要求，给出了虚拟维修中人体尺寸、姿势分析、民机内设备布局的验证方法；初步制订了维修性虚拟验证的基本原则和验证程序，并结合具体实例对可达性、可视性、干涉性以及人体姿态舒适性进行了验证，较清晰、真实地反映了维修人员的维修状态。

Each medicine used in the study totally has obivious effect on lens sodium-pump. Either on the molecular and cellular level or on the histological and organic level , they all have their distinctive demonstration. 1.Ouabain、Digoxine、DMSO decrease the expression of αsubunit of sodium pump on mRNA level , the cell morphology and ultramicroscopic structure demonstrated destructive effect,it indicates the cause of cataract of the medicines.2.D-thyroxine、Amphotericin B、Vitamin E increase the expression of αsubunit of sodium pump on mRNA level ,from the demonstration of the cell morphology and ultramicroscopic structure ,it indicates the medicines have protective or anti-distructive effect on lens.3.The medicines have isoform-specific action on lens sodium-pump,it indicates exploitting isoform-specific medicine has a promising clinical application.4. Lens sodium-pumps are inhibited probably lead to cataract, so in clinical medication, especially to the cardiovascular doctor, while he is using the sodium-pump inhibitors, he should pay more attention to adjust the dosage and duration of the drug therapy. 5. To creat the animal model of cataract through inhibiting lens sodium-pump, whether it can be a kind of classical method or not, it is worthy of further research.

本研究所选用的药物对晶状体钠泵均有明显的影响作用，在分子水平、细胞水平、组织器官水平均有特异的表现：1、哇巴因、地高辛、二甲基亚砜三种药物可降低晶状体钠泵α亚单位在 mRNA水平的表达，在细胞形态和超微结构上表现为损伤效应，提示了其潜在的导致白内障的可能。2、D甲状腺素、两性霉素B、维生素 E三种药物可升高晶状体钠泵α亚单位在 mRNA水平的表达，从细胞形态和超微结构上的表现，提示了其对晶状体有保护作用或抗损伤效应。3、药物作用于晶状体钠泵具有重整异构特异性，提示了开发出特异的具有重整异构作用的药物是极有临床应用前景的。4晶状体钠泵抑制后可能导致白内障的发生，故临床用药，尤其是心内科医生在使用这些钠泵抑制剂时应注意调整用药剂量及药物疗程。5 通过抑制晶状体钠泵来制作白内障动物模型能否成为一种经典的制作方法，还有待于进一步研究。

The effect of undissolved ferrite amount on contact, impact and bending fatigue properties were studied. The stress relaxation and grain refinement due to occurring of plastic deformation are main reasons of improving the fatigue life.

就未溶铁素体含量对接触疲劳、多冲疲劳及弯曲疲劳性能的影响机理进行研究，局部的应力集中因铁素体发生塑变而得到松弛和细化晶粒是提高疲劳寿命的主要原因。

RESULT: 1.Ouabain act on lens sodium-pump,under the LM,lens anterior capsular membrane discontinuous,epithelium cells clustered,occluding zonule seperated,lens fiber layers fractured.Under the EM,cells totally hollowed,mitochondria swelling,myelin figure appeared.RT-PCR examine the expression condition of αsubunit of sodium pump on mRNA level,α1、α2 and α3-isoform are all decreased.2.Digoxin act on lens sodium-pump,under the LM,lens cell oedema,linkage distructed,extensive exfoliation.Under the EM,plasma appeared little half-transparant hollow region,mitochondria swelling and ridge disappeared. RT-PCR examine,α1、α2 and α3-isoform are all decreased.3.Amphotericin B act on lens sodium-pump,under the LM,lens epithelium cells linked tightly,arranged in-line,lens fiber layers arranged tightly and regularily.Under the EM,abbundant cellular organes,exuberant cells function indicated. RT-PCR examine the expression condition of αsubunit of sodium pump on mRNA level,α1 and α3-isoform are increased significantly,demonstrated isoform-specific action.4D-thyroxine act on lens sodium-pump,under the LM,lens plasmalemma integrated,cells arranged tightly and regularily.Under the EM,nucleus fission appeared,desmosome half-desmosome and tensile microfilaments linked the cells. RT-PCR examine,α2 and α3-isoform are increased, also demonstrated isoform-specific action.5.Vitamin E act on lens sodium-pump,under the LM,lens anterior capsular membrane continuous and smooth,epithelium cells tightly linked,lens fiber layers appearede hollow region occasionally.Under the EM,lateral membrane high density belt appeared,abundant nucleolus. RT-PCR examine,onlyα1-isoform are increased, demonstrated significantly isoform-specific action.6.DMSO act on lens sodium-pump,under the LM,lens anterior capsular membrane slightly thicker,cells linkage partly distructed.Under the EM,plasmalemma denaturation,mitochondria swelling.RT-PCR examine,α1、α2 and α3-isoform are all altered slightly and haven't significant meanning.

结果：1、哇巴因作用于晶状体钠泵后，光镜下晶状体前囊膜断裂、上皮细胞聚积、闭合连接分离、纤维板层裂隙，电镜下全层细胞空泡化、线粒体肿胀出现髓样结构，RT-PCR法检测晶状体钠泵α亚单位α1、α2及α3三种重整异构体在mRNA水平的表达均减弱。2、地高辛作用于晶状体钠泵后，光镜下晶状体细胞水肿、细胞连接破坏、广泛剥离，电镜下胞质见少许半透明空化区、线粒体肿胀嵴消失，RT-PCR法检测晶状体钠泵α亚单位α1、α2及α3三种重整异构体在mRNA水平的表达均减弱。3、两性霉素B作用于晶状体钠泵后，光镜下晶状体上皮细胞紧密连接、线状排列、纤维板层紧密规整，电镜下细胞器丰富、细胞功能旺盛，RT-PCR法检测α1及α3表达显著增强、具有一定的重整异构作用特异性。4、D甲状腺素作用于晶状体钠泵后，光镜下晶状体质膜完整、细胞排列紧密规整，电镜下胞核见分裂像、细胞间有桥粒、半桥粒及张力微丝，RT-PCR法检测α2及α3表达均增强、亦有一定的重整异构作用特异性。5、维生素E作用于晶状体钠泵后，光镜下晶状体前囊膜连续光滑、上皮细胞紧密连接、纤维板层偶见空化，电镜下囊侧膜内有高电子密度带、细胞核仁丰富，RT-PCR法检测仅有α1的表达显著增强、具有极强的重整异构作用特异性。6、二甲基亚砜作用于晶状体钠泵后，光镜下晶状体前囊膜轻度增厚、细胞连接部分破坏，电镜下质膜变性、线粒体肿胀，RT-PCR法检测晶状体钠泵α亚单位α1、α2及α3三种重整异构体在mRNA水平的表达无显著改变。

The adult reproductive system of Epicauta mannerheimi and Mylabris phalerata were dissected and a histological study was made on the reproductive gland of Myllabris phalirata .

芫菁为鞘翅目芫菁科昆虫，其成虫和幼虫体内均含有一种倍半萜烯毒素——芫菁素 [1] ，因芫菁素不仅可以医治多种癌症，还可升高人体白血球，而成为一种重要的药用昆虫。

In this paper, an unsupervised learning mechanism based on ant colony pheromone is designed for the function optimization problem.

为了克服Memetic算法的这一缺点，针对函数优化问题提出了一种基于蚁群信息素的无指导的学习机制，并在此基础之上构造了基于信息素模因的克隆选择算法。

Aiming at the problem in the existing voxelization algorithms, a block-based algorithm is presented: GPU clipping method is used to voxelize the surface in every block, and ray intersection method is adopted to generate seeds filling the inner/outer space of blocks; among blocks, three seed planes are designed to help seeds span the blocks, so that a great deal computation for intersection is avoided.

提出以分块为基础的高分辨率实体体素化算法：在分块内部，采用基于图形处理器(Graphics Processing Unit， GPU)的切面光栅法对分块表面体素化过程进行加速，采用射线求交方式生成种子并进行块内填充；在分块之间，设计了3方向的种子扩散面及跨块扩散机制，避免因分块而导致的大量几何求交运算，提高了效率。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。