系统误差

To the disadvantage exposed to us in national and foreign VTS system, and those putted up in application projects, the thesis did a farther study and consummation, and acquired some research fruits, as follows:1. Fulfilled the Eagle Eye function in Electronic Chart Display System.2. Designed a kind of simple algorithm for select chart. By this arithmetic it become true to auto select electronic chart when chart is zoomed.3. The realization of auto acquired field on electronic chart.4. The simulation of target data and error of radar and AIS by software.5. The fusion processing of the dynamic data those are collected from AIS and Radar.6. Resolve the target track problem of radar by the data fusion technology.7. The algorithm design of display field reduce, this function can improve the speed of display.

针对目前国内外VTS系统中暴露出的薄弱点，以及应用实践中表现出的不足本文对综合信息处理与显示系统做了进一步的研究和完善，取得了以下的研究成果： 1、电子海图显示系统中鹰眼图的功能设置与实现； 2、设计一种简易的选图算法，通过该算法实现可在海图放大、缩小时的自动选图； 3、电子海图上自动录取区的实现； 4、实现对雷达和AIS目标数据及其误差的软件仿真； 5、船舶自动识别系统中动态信息与雷达动态信息的数据融合处理； 6、利用数据融合技术解决雷达目标跟踪方面的问题； 7、海图空间信息中显示区域裁减算法的设计，该模块的实现大幅度提高了海图的显示速度。

In this thesis, we use the Min-Max criterion and Parks-McClellan algorithm to design this optimal approximation error of spectrum. Moreover, we give constraint of this optimal spectrum to get the positive spectrum. Then the positive spectrum can be factored by Spectrum Factorization Theorem and can be realized by FIR system.

我们利用最小化最大误差指标，及Parks-McClellan演算法，设计出具有最佳误差的频谱，并对此频谱做限制式上的处理，来得到正数列频谱，并将所得到之正数列频谱利用分解理论做分解，并以FIR系统实现之。

The measurement equation of four point method and three point method flat form error separation is given.

列出了四点法－三点法平面误差分离的测量方程，导出了这类方法所对应系统的传递函数G的通式，指出G（0，0）＝0是平面形状误差赖以先行分离的先决条件。

In this research, we find that because of the changes of parameters and structure in GNSS, the error origins are very different of them in foretime.

在研究中发现，由于GNSS系统本身参数和结构改变，加上坐标变换的问题，使得误差来源发生变化，导致原有误差公式不再适用。

The results of a simulation and an industrial application showed that the proposed method could get accurate results for the system with more than one gross error and was superior to iteration measurement test.

仿真研究与实际应用表明，该组合方法对有多个显著误差的系统也能给出准确的显著误差检测结果，且优于迭代测量检测方法。

The revised Hargraves formula has the best result compared with Penman-Monteith formula, the average relative error is 6%, moreover, Hargaves method requiring the least data in calculating ETo, so this method has the high actual application value; The following are Radiation method and Blaney-Criddle method ; The worst is the Pan method, even after revised, the highest and average relative error is 36% and 10%, respectively. So, in this study, Penman-Monteith method, Radiation method, Blaney-Criddle method and Hargraves method are used except Pan method.

在这四种方法中，修正后的Hargraves方法与彭曼—蒙特斯方法的计算结果符合最好，其平均相对误差为6％，而Hargraves方法需要的气象数据只有计算时段的最高、最低温度，该方法具有较高的实际应用价值；辐射方法和布兰尼—克里德尔方法次之；蒸发皿方法最差，即使在修正后，E601型蒸发皿的最大误差也高达36％，平均为10％，所以在预报系统的研究设计中采用了除蒸发皿方法之外的四种方法。

On the basis of variation characteristics of ship speed error model, a ship speed regulator using the on-line adaptive error model is proposed in this paper. The control scheme is based on back propagation multi-layer perceptrons adaptive neural network in which a modified hyperbolic tangent function is used as the activation function of an auto-tuning neuron and is updated by the steepest descent method.

在分析船舶航速误差模型变化特性的基础上，应用激励函数的自适应神经网络和最陡下降法的非线性优化技术，提出了自适应学习误差模型控制方法，应用于船舶柴油机调速器控制系统。

Based on error analysis, the influence of error sources on strapdown inertial navigation system s is discussed.

通过误差分析，讨论了各种误差源对捷联惯导系统的影响。

In whirling machining process,the hand-over-line of workpiece and tool face isn's an ideal spiral noodles wrap line because of the geometry error,heat change error and rigid varity.

旋风铣削加工中，工艺系统的几何误差、热变误差和刚性变化使工件与工具表面交线不是理想的螺旋面包络线，其位置也产生了偏差，影响到加工工件质量。

And the reasonable proposal for the construction the region electrical power system was put forwardThe power load forecast is the basis of the power system planning.With the actual planning of regional development,uses a scientific and effective load forecasting methods forecast plans the local load electric quantity,is an important work to the regional power system planning.This dissertation uses the BP algorithm, proposed a double hidden layer structure artificial neural network to the forecast ultra-short-term power system load.After the simulation with the actual data,the method which this dissertation proposed compared to the traditional linear extrapolation Prediction method average absolute percent error of 2.5 percentage points,ten minute load forecasts achieve the average absolute percentage error are smaller than 2.5%accuracy.

本文利用人工神经网络BP算法，提出了一种双隐层结构的电力系统超短期负荷预测方法，经过对实际数据的仿真实验，本文提出的神经网络超短期负荷预测方法比传统的线性外推法预测平均绝对百分误差降低2.5个百分点，十分钟负荷预测达到平均绝对百分误差小于2.5%的精度。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。