系统的

An interval transmission channel of the truck communication system is used as exchange system line; the concerted action of controllers in different stations choose the same relay channel to realize the communication among the users on different stations; an interoffice truck circuit is arranged between two end stations in the system, in order to realize the communication between the system and the exterior.

本发明为一种集交换和传输为一体的中继通信系统，即用中继传输系统中的区间传输信道作为交换系统的线路，由不同站的控制器协同动作选通同一条中继信道实现不同站用户间的通信，该系统两端站设置局间中继电路，实现本系统与外界的通信。

Based on the systems analysis of the ecosystem in intervale region of south China, the feedback structure model of the ecosystem was established by rate variable fundamental in? tree modeling of System Dynamics.

在对红壤丘陵区生态系统进行系统分析的基础上，利用系统动力学的流率基本入树建模法，建立了红壤丘陵区生态系统的反馈结构模型。

Firstly, the recent developments in controllability and observability for switched system are reviewed. Secondly, by means of properties of invariant subspace, the controllability for switched systems with continuous-time and discrete-time subsystems, and a class of discrete impulsive switched systems is respectively investigated. Some sufficient and necessary conditions of controllability are proved. In the end, some simple criterions for controllability and observability of switched symmetric composite systems are set up.

首先介绍了切换系统能控性与能观性方面的一些重要结论；其次，用不变子空间的性质分别研究了同时含有连续子系统和离散子系统的切换系统和一类离散脉冲切换系统的能控性，建立了相应的充分性与必要性判别准则；最后，研究了切换对称组合系统的能控性与能观性，得到了此系统能控性与能观性的简单判据。

Presents the design of longitudinal control for ASTOVL lift-fan aircraft, a multi-variable, strong-coupling, complicated nonlinear system to make the system nonlinear offset and decouple, and the method used for linear system in designing the system to gain expectant flying qualities and the combination of aerodynamic control surfaces with thrust vectors to delay the control surfaces getting into saturation, and the minimum N-norm generalized inverse theorem of weighted generalized inverse adopted to apportion the moments commands, which make the control surfaces gain appropriate deflection and the simulation results to verify the dynamic inverse control laws designed really make the system nonlinear offset and decouple; when one command is given, only this output will response, and others do not response; when all commands are given together, the responses will be just the linear superpose of the response of each command, therefore the operation of the pilot will be simplified greatly.

摘 要： ASTOVL升力风扇飞机是多变量、强耦合、复杂的非线性系统，采用非线性动态逆理论设计控制律以实现系统的非线性对消及解耦，然后，采用线性系统的设计方法对系统进行设计，以使系统获得期望的飞行品质。同时，考虑到ASTOVL升力风扇飞机是由气动舵面和推力矢量融合作用的，为了延缓各舵面进入饱和的时间，采用加权广义逆中的极小N-范数广义逆定理分配力矩指令，从而使各舵面达到适当的偏转角。并将所设计的控制律进行了仿真，结果验证了所设计的动态逆控制律使系统实现了非线性对消和解耦，单个指令作用时，只有该项响应，其余不受影响；所有指令作用时，其结果就等于单个指令作用时的线性叠加，这样使驾驶员的操纵大大简化而易于控制，从而大大降低了飞行事故率。

This paper bases on the technique of virtual prototype and utilizes software platform of UG, ADAMS and ANSYS to establish three-dimensional digitized virtual prototype of double link jib system of portal crane and systematically do its analysis of dynamics emulation of multi-body system.

本文基于虚拟样机技术，利用UG、ADAMS、ANSYS软件平台，建立了门座起重机四连杆组合臂架系统的三维数字化虚拟样机，并对其进行了较为系统的多体系统动力学仿真分析，实现了计算机对组合臂架系统在各种工况下随载荷变化的运行状态及随时间变化过程的仿真，得到的相关仿真分析数据对于门座起重机组合臂架系统动态设计提供了有效的手段。

Point to take MQ2535 portal crane jib system as to research object, take finite element and mechanical kinetics as to theoretical fundamental, make use of ansys8.1 to emulate jib systemic at the course of luffing in dynamics , obtain luffing procedural dynamics data of rigid body and elastic body of the jib system , according to those data,which is to improve these system designs beneficial conclusion henceforth.

针对以上问题，本文以MQ2535门座起重机臂架系统为研究对象，以有限元和机械动力学为理论基础，借助ANSYS8.1对臂架系统的变幅过程进行了动力学仿真，得到了臂架系统刚体和弹性体变幅过程的动力学数据，从数据中得到了对今后改善该系统设计的有益结论。

The jib system of portal crane is considered to be elastomer in this paper. Besides, taking finite element as basic theory and mechanical dynamics as analysis method,the paper simulates the virtual luffing process of jib system and seeking the relationship between plane movement and dynamic pressure condition of jib system using ANSYS8.1. By analyzing ,the paper gives some advice on structure optimizing.

针对以上问题，本文以MQ2535门座起重机臂架系统为研究对象，将门座起重机整个臂架系统视为弹性体，以机械动力学和有限元为理论基础和分析手段，运用有限元软件ANSYS8.1模拟臂架系统的实际变幅过程，探寻物品在变幅过程中水平移动与臂架系统结构动态受力之间的关系；通过分析其受力情况，对其结构的优化提出了一些建议。

The development process of a KBS is similar to any general system development; states such as requierments gathering, system analysis, system design, system development and implementation are common activites.

KBS的开发过程同一般系统的开发是相似的；分为需求收集，系统分析，系统设计，系统开发和实现等一般活动。

Aimed at how to apply the theory of knowledge organization to software design and development, this paper analyzes the limits and difficulties of traditional document information management system in supporting to KOS. It emphasizes the ideal of Multi-MARC which construct the union mechanism to describe different type document and supprot KOS integrate with document information management system. It also introduces the effect on software development.

针对如何将知识组织的理论应用于软件系统的设计与开发，分析传统文献信息系统在知识组织系统支持方面的局限和困难，着重介绍Multi-MARC架构统一的知识描述机制的思想，通过为各种不同类型的对象建立相同的描述机制，实现知识组织系统融入文献信息管理系统，最后介绍在软件开发方面的影响。

The analytical approach/tool of MultipleScale Integrated Assessment of Societal Metabolism, proposed by Mario Giampietro,Kozo Mayumi, et al., based on the congruence among resource "Human Activities", resource "Exosomatic Energy Flows", and "Added Value Flows" in the hierarchical socioeconomic systems, using, in an integrated way, incommensurable variables referring to nonequivalent descriptive domains(coming from various scientific disciplines) and data gathered at distinct hierarchical levels, addresses the various relevant dimensions of societal development and sustainability.

社会代谢多尺度综合评估"分析方法，根据"人类活动"资源、"体外能"资源和"增加值三者在社会经济系统中的叠合关系，将各个尺度（如国家、经济部门、次级部门、省/州、社区、直至个别家庭）上，社会经济系统的能量代谢过程，与该系统的经济、人口（如人口的年龄结构和性别构成）、生态和社会（如义务教育和退休年龄的规定）特征结合起来，利用多个关系式，计算出社会经济系统的人类活动量、体外能投入量、劳动生产率、生物—经济压力和体外能超循环强度等参数、指标，进而综合地分析评估社会经济系统发展与可持续性。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。