系统的

It makes an all-round research, analysis and study to it with the extinctive theory, planning demand and systemic conservation of FM-200, including the design for automatic alarm systems and some essential claim for safety decentralization and the economy budget for the whole complete the design of this substitution.

本文根据深圳高阳万国电脑有限公司通讯楼的具体工程概况，采用全淹没式七氟丙烷（FM-200）灭火系统对其进行保护，同时对目前哈龙灭火系统替代产品的灭火性能、使用场所及对环境与人身安全影响进行了分析，对七氟丙烷（FM-200）气体灭火系统的灭火机理、设计要求以及系统维护进行了全面的调查、分析与研究，包括自动报警系统的设计和一些必要的安全疏散要求以及对系统的经济预算，完成了本文设计。

To minimize the risks of misleading or wrong data and information contained in modern information systems which are increasingly dependent on fallibly programmed or operated information technology that may be malfunctioning and vulnerable (i.e., physically insecure), we need ICS as meta-MIS.

为了使误导的风险，或储存在管理资讯系统中的资讯、资料(它们越来越依赖容易犯错的程式设计或资讯系统操作，因此可能会导致故障或暴露缺点)错误的风险最小化，我们需要使用内控系统作为解释管理资讯系统的工具(后设管理资讯系统，meta-MIS )。

For such complex and composite systems as analogue and digital systems, electronic and mechanical systems, the Ptolemy II attain purposes with heterogeneously hierarchical ideology, in other words, actors and model of computation at the same level stand for a behavior of the system, and these components at this level can be converted into a composite actor that stands for another behavior of the system under the control of different models of computation at upper level with other actors. In this way, the system may be structured hierarchically.

对于复杂的混合系统，如模拟与数字系统，电子与机械系统，Ptolemy II采用层次异构的思想实现，即同层的角色和计算模型表示系统的一种行为，而这一层组件又可转变为一个复合角色，在上一层与其它角色在不同的计算模型控制下表示系统的另一种行为，从而实现系统的层次构架。

Also it improves the reliability and stability and it could have many kinds of network support, which is accord with the development of modularization, flexibility and latticing.

本系统克服了当前数控平台的缺陷，实现了系统的实时调度，提高了系统的可靠性和稳定性，实现了系统的多种网络支持，符合数控系统模块化、柔性化和网络化的发展需要。

Regarding such complex system, understanding merely the interior partial links in the system is insufficient to explain the system behavior, knowing the interaction of various parts in the system is equally important for the explanation of system behavior, so the theory of complex system and thought of agent based modeling, which bring the microcosmos and macrocosmos together, enlighten the ecosystem modeling. But at present, the following problems should be solved in the ecosystem modeling based on the complex system theory. 1. How to acquire the quantitative indexes of the ecologic factors in the microscopic ecosystem.

对于生态系统这样的复杂系统，以还原分析为基础的传统建模方法遇到了极大的挑战，仅仅了解系统内部的局部环节而忽略事物间的固有联系，远远不足以解释系统的行为，系统各部分之间的相互作用在解释系统行为方面同等重要。

It also introduced selecting methods of the power redirectors in the steering-system design. Moreover it also did the further research on the power redirectors matching and coordination problem of the suspension system and the steering-system, calculated steering wheel strength and momental gradient when the heavy-duty vehicle matched two kind of power redirectors, did entire vehicle performance simulation research on two matching schemes of the suspension system and the steering-system.

还介绍了在转向系统的设计过程中动力转向器的选型方法，另外还针对动力转向器匹配及转向系统与悬架系统匹配问题做了进一步的研究，对重型汽车匹配两种动力转向器时车辆的转向盘力和力矩梯度进行了计算，并对两种转向系统、悬架系统匹配方案进行了整车性能的仿真研究。

Based on the hypothesis of Brands, this thesis presents two off-line electronic cash system applied to small payment: one is an off-line nondivisible electronic cash system with complete anonymity, and the other is an off-line nondivisible electronic cashsystem with repealed anonymity. The two systems can solve the bottleneck problem of bank server. Furthermore, based on the concept of virtual debit as well as the payment demand of pay-per-use electronic commerce and mobile commerce, this paper designs a micro-system NPAY, which can solve the problem of extra-consuming, greatly reduce the system communication overhead, and the consumer can anonymously consume.

基于Brands假设，设计了两个适用于小额支付的离线电子现金系统：一个是具有完全匿名性的离线不可分电子现金系统，另一个是可撤消匿名性的离线不可分电子现金系统，这两个系统都较好地解决了银行服务器的瓶颈问题；针对即付即用(pay-per-use)类型电子商务和移动商务的支付需求，基于&虚借记&的概念，设计了一个微支付系统NPAY，较好地解决了消费者超额消费问题，系统的通讯开销也大大减少，并且消费者可以匿名消费。

Based on the hypothesis of Brands, this thesis presents two off-line electronic cash system applied to small payment: one is an off-line nondivisible electronic cash system with complete anonymity, and the other is an off-line nondivisible electronic cash'system with repealed anonymity. The two systems can solve the bottleneck problem of bank server. Furthermore, based on the concept of virtual debit as well as the payment demand of pay-per-use electronic commerce and mobile co mmerce, this paper designs a micro-system NPAY, which can solve the problem of extra-consuming, greatly reduce the system communication overhead, and the consumer can anonymously consume.

基于Brands假设，设计了两个适用于小额支付的离线电子现金系统：一个是具有完全匿名性的离线不可分电子现金系统，另一个是可撤消匿名性的离线不可分电子现金系统，这两个系统都较好地解决了银行服务器的瓶颈问题；针对即付即用(pay-per-use)类型电子商务和移动商务的支付需求，基于&虚借记&的概念，设计了一个微支付系统NPAY，较好地解决了消费者超额消费问题，系统的通讯开销也大大减少，并且消费者可以匿名消费。

There exits several MDO algorithms. But they are in our opinion either nonefficient or complicated. So we devised an algorithm called Subspace Approximation Optimization . In the SAO algorithm, the whole system is decomposed into one system-level optimization and several disciplinary optimizations so that a large and complicated problem can be divided into several easy-solving sub-problems. The coupling relationships and the coordination among disciplines are presented by equality constraints and these equality constraints are assigned to relevant disciplines. The optimums of design variables in system level optimization are transferred to discipline level optimization. The optimums of design variables in discipline level correspond to the point that is the nearest to the optimums of design variables in system level. If the optimums of design variables in system level are out of feasible region of discipline 1eve1, linear constraints can be built in the system level optimization using the design variable optimums obtained by the discipline level optimization. The system level optimization would improve the design of the whole system with these linear constraints.

目前，国内外已经发展出了多种飞机多学科设计优化算法，本文的重点是针对协同优化算法的不足，提出了子空间近似优化算法(Subspace ApproximatingOptimization，SAO)，SAO算法中，整个系统的优化问题被分解成一个系统级优化和若干学科级优化，而各个学科之间的耦合与权衡关系则被当作等式约束，这些等式约束将被分配到各个学科级优化中去，系统级优化的任务是寻找整个系统的最优解，而学科级优化的目标函数是以系统级优化分配下来的设计点为圆心的超球半径的平方，因此，如果系统级优化分配下来的设计点在学科级优化可行域内，则学科级优化目标函数为0，反之，则学科级优化的最优点是系统级优化当前设计点距离可行域最近的点。

The proposal of a new parallel system architecture, which combines the advantages of both NUMA and cluster, the usability as the main focus of system design, its scalability, high availability, and flexibility to configure and re-construction being the aim of the system.

提出了一种新的体系结构，即机群NUMA系统，这种新的系统很好地结合了机群和NUMA机器的特点，以好用性为核心，以可扩展性、高可用性和系统的灵活动态可配置和重构为目标，很好地结合了机群系统和传统NUMA系统的优点。

I can not make it blossom and suits me

我不能让树为我开花

When temperatures are above approximately 80 °C discolouration of the raceways or rolling elements is a frequent feature.

当温度高于 80 °C 左右时，滚道或滚动元件褪色是很常见的特征。