系统树

This protein sequence had 71.1%-85.7% identity with Sparus aurata, Oncorhymchus keta, Oreochromis niloticus and Danio rerio.

蛋白二级结构预测表明其含有丰富的螺旋和β折叠结构，系统树分析显示其与金头鲷亲缘关系最近。

The genetic distance a mong different splash types of H.axyridis was 0.0021 to 0.0328 The aver age gene tic distance was 0.0193 The molecular phylogenetic tree suggested that the me mb ers with the same elytron color were grouped together with high bootstrap confid ence values, showing low diversity among the populations. H. axyridis ab. luna t a Hem and H.axyridis var. spectabilis Fald were most closely related. H.ax yridis var. axyridis Pallas was a primordial population of coccinellidae, which wa s differentiated earlier than the other populations.

分子系统树显示：各类群间遗传分化很小，鞘翅颜色相同的瓢虫均已较高的置信值聚在一起；双月斑变型和显明变种亲缘关系最近，重名变种为原始类群，分化较早，与其它12种不同色斑异色瓢虫亲缘关系较远。

It is the root of the file system tree.

它是文件系统树的根。

In the majority of cases, multiple clones from individuals resolved as monophyletic, which suggests that different copies of ITS not completely synchronized evolution, the same species of plant palm plants ITS sequences, sometimes far greater than differences between species of palm plants, However, the high levels of homoplasy in the ITS dataset, led to concerns that topologies obtained from these data might be unreliable; 2 Determination of the original 11 categories of Chinese palm plants matK sequences, and comparison with other 8 Chinese palm matK sequence from the NCBI GenBank database.

结果表明：部分棕榈科植物ITS序列种内差异较大，提示其不同ITS拷贝间没有完全实现同步进化，同种棕榈科植物植物ITS序列差异，有时候大于非同种棕榈植物间差异，这种情况下，由ITS序列构建的棕榈科植物系统树可能是不可信的； 2测定了11种中国原生棕榈科植物matK序列，并通过NCBI网站对GenBank数据库检索得到了其它8种中国原生棕榈科植物matK序列。

Based on the combined dataset of nucleotide and amino acid sequences of 13 protein coding genes,using the maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationship of fifteen species of lepidopteran insects,The resulst showed the same topologies and supported a close relationship between the Geometroidea,Noctuoidea and Bombycoidea.This result deviates from the traditional view.

基于线粒体基因组13个蛋白质编码基因的核苷酸序列及氨基酸序列的联合数据集构建了15种鳞翅目昆虫的系统树，采用BI和ML分析方法建树，所得拓扑结构类似，都显示蚕蛾总科，尺蠖蛾总科和夜蛾总科关系较近，结果与前人研究的结果不完全一致。

Using Parantica aglea and Euploea core as the outgroups, the phylogenetic trees of the Nymphalidae taxa in this study were reconstructed with and Bayesian methods based on 16S rDNA, 12S rDNA and their combined sequences. The results showed that the Nymphalinae was not monophyletic; the Junonia should be classified into Hypolimni; the Apaturinae, Byblinae and Nymphalinae were closely related to each other; the Pseudergolinae and Byblinae should be separated from Limenitinae.

分子系统树显示：蛱蝶亚科并非单系群，蛱蝶族中眼蛱蝶属应移入斑蛱蝶族；豹蛱蝶亚科为单系发生；闪蛱蝶和苾蛱蝶亚科与蛱蝶亚科具有较近的系统关系；支持将秀蛱蝶和苾蛱蝶亚科从线蛱蝶亚科中分离出来。

Lamblia . Total genomic DNA was extracted and partial fragments of tim gene were amplified by PCR.

对不同来源虫株的磷酸丙糖异构酶基因进行 PCR扩增、序列测定后，用简约法和 NJ法构建分子系统树进行系统学分析。

Taxonomic Study on the Butterfly Subfamily Coliadinae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) from China;2. Mitochondrial gene fragments of COⅠ and Cyt b of 24 species in the subfamily Pierinae and Coliadinaewere amplified and sequenced.

测定了粉蝶科的粉蝶亚科和黄粉蝶亚科14属共24种线粒体COⅠ和Cyt b基因部分序列，并从GenBank中下载了2种粉蝶的同源序列，以眼蝶科的2个物种为外类群，运用NJ法、贝叶斯法分别重建了分子系统树，探讨了它们的系统发生关系。

Mitochondrial gene fragments of COⅠ and Cyt b of 24 species in the subfamily Pierinae and Coliadinae were amplified and sequenced. Combing these with the homologous sequences of 2 species from GenBank and using 2 species of the Satyridae as the outgroups, the molecular phylogenetic trees of these groups were reconstructed with neighbor-joining and bayesian inference methods.

测定了粉蝶科的粉蝶亚科和黄粉蝶亚科14属共24种线粒体COⅠ和Cyt b基因部分序列，并从GenBank中下载了2种粉蝶的同源序列，以眼蝶科的2个物种为外类群，运用NJ法、贝叶斯法分别重建了分子系统树，探讨了它们的系统发生关系。

PCR and RAPD methods are also used to show the phylogeneticrelationship among snow finches in molecular biology.

分子系统学研究中，通过PCR或RAPD的方法扩增DNA，构建分子系统树。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失