系统学

On the basis of molecular data, Gaultheria is not a member of the tribe Andromedeae in which it w as traditionally treated but is in a tribe of its own, Gaultherieae, along with other related genera Molecular analyses of samples of the genus from America and related genera have revealed that Gaultheria could be considered paraphyletic if the closely related genera of the "wintergreen group", i e., Diplycosia, Tepuia and Pernettya, are excluded These genera should be treated as part of Gaultheria; however, an infrageneric system of the genus may not be well established without sampling the Asian members of the genus.

对白珠树属产於美洲的类群和相关类群的分子系统学的初步研究则表明，该属与Diplycosia、Tepuia和Pernettya等属关系密切，可能应将这几个属并入到白珠树属中，但其属下分类系统关系还需要对产於亚洲的类群进行深入的研究后才能确定。

Molecular analyses of samples of the genus from America and related genera have revealed that Gaultheria could be considered paraphyletic if the closely relatedgenera of the ＂wintergreen group＂, i.e., Diplycosia, Tepuia and Pernettya, are excluded.

对白珠树属产于美洲的类群和相关类群的分子系统学的初步研究则表明，该属与Diplycosia、Tepuia和Pernettya等属关系密切，可能应将这几个属并入到白珠树属中，但其属下分类系统关系还需要对产于亚洲的类群进行深入的研究后才能确定。

This paper reviews recent advances in myriapod phylogenetics and presents a preliminary phylochronologic scheme of the evolutionary events in early my-riapods with the following observations: 1） Myriapoda might have diverged from its sister group during late Cambrian or earlier.

精确的多足动物亚门谱系发生关系以及谱系年代学细节还有待于进一步综合系统学、多基因和多重化石参照点的合理分析加以深入和完善，进而为早期陆地复杂生态系统的建立提供新的证据。

A matrix composed of 260 characters and 46 taxa is constructed and analyzed cladistically using the NONA (ver 2.0) software package and formatting and character exploration was performed in WinClada .

通过检验这260个性状在46个分类单元中的分布情况，建立了目前有关虚骨龙类的一个最大的矩阵，采用最新的 NONA 和 WINCLADA 软件，对虚骨龙类的系统演化关系进行了分支系统学分析。

It mainly covers the original research articles on anatomy, botanical history, chemotaxonomy, morphology, paleobotany, phylogenetic systematics, taxonomy, and phytogeography.

主要收录原始论文，范围涵盖解剖学、植物史、化学分类学、形态学、古植物学、系统发育系统学、分类学和植物地理学。

This paper summarizes the appropriate range of some DNA sequences that are commonly used in current pteridophyte molecular phylogenetics, which comprises sequences from three plant genomes (chloroplast, nucleo-tide, and mitochondria), especially focuses on the usage of chloroplast DNA regions.

本文综述了目前蕨类分子系统发育研究中常用的DNA序列分析，它们分别来自叶绿体基因组、核基因组和线粒体基因组，着重阐明叶绿体基因在蕨类分子系统学研究中的应用。

In the part of seed plants, students should grasp various groups, key families, genera and their characters, distribution, phylogenic meaning and economic value, relationship among each group, and also should know the theory elements of the current spermatophyte systematics and their difference each other.

在种子植物部分，要求学生掌握各大类群，关键科、属及其特征，分布，系统学意义以及经济价值，各类群之间的亲缘关系；对流行的种子植物系统的理论基础和它们之间的不同点有所了解。

In recent years, the fasting growing molecular systematics revitalized the plant systematics and have gained great achievement.

而近年来迅速发展的分子系统学为植物的系统研究注入了新的活力，并且取得了瞩目的成就。

This article mainly uses the method of systematology.

本文主要运用系统学的研究方法，将县级政府形象传播活动视为一个系统并对其进行研究。

Additionally, our results showed that the phylogenetic relationships based on the morphological characteristics of their secondary structures are consistent with those inferred from the primary structures and other features, and this fact suggests that the molecular morphology is also the valuable source for the phylogenetic consideration.

此外，苔藓动物主要类群中，基于28S rDNA多变区二级结构的分子形态学特征比较和基于一级结构的分子系统学结论基本吻合，提示它们同样包含着重要的系统发育信息。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。