系统学

Traditional morphological studies have resulted in few solid conclusions regarding the monophyly and systematic position of Myriapoda within Arthropoda; the origin and evolutionary history of Myriapoda are also veiled by the sparsity of the group's fossil record.

基于表型性状的系统学研究中，多足动物亚门在节肢动物门中的系统分类和单系性等问题一直存在争议；化石记录的稀少又使多足动物的起源及演化历史变得迷雾重重。

In this study I focuses on Minaceae's molecular phylogeny , with consideration of morphological analysis. It is really helpful for us to solve taxonomic problems of higher taxa in mosses, improve study level and technique, and establish highlights in bryology.

本研究以形态学为基础对提灯藓科进行了分子系统学研究，对于解决苔藓高级分类等级的系统分类问题，提升和改进苔藓生物学研究水平与技术方法，推动苔藓生物学中其他领域的进展，均具有重要的科学意义。

At the same time, it puts forward that unless molecular data and the achievements in traditional taxonomy are combined to construct the optimal phylogenetic trees will they not help the development of bryophyte molecular phylogenesis.

并提出只有将分子数据和传统分类学取得的研究成果结合起来，构建最合理的系统树，才能更好地推动苔藓分子系统学的发展。

Molecular analyses of samples of the genus from America and related genera have revealed that Gaultheria could be considered paraphyletic if the closely related genera of the "wintergreen group", i.e., Diplycosia, Tepuia and Pernettya, are excluded. These genera should be treated as part of Gaultheria; however, an infrageneric system of the genus may not be well established without sampling the Asian members of the genus.

对白珠树属产于美洲的类群和相关类群的分子系统学的初步研究则表明，该属与Diplycosia、Tepuia和Pernettya等属关系密切，可能应将这几个属并入到白珠树属中，但其属下分类系统关系还需要对产于亚洲的类群进行深入的研究后才能确定。

Plant taxonomy and plant systematics may more emphasize on the evolution of plants and their relationships.

植物分类学和植物系统学则强调植物分类的系统性，强调植物的演化及亲缘关系，涉及植物的范围要比树木学广泛。

Department of Biological Sciences is primarily dedicated to teaching and research in biology including insect and vertebrate molecular ecology, historical biogeography and population genetics; conservation genetics, crustacean endocrinology, physiology and biochemistry of gametes, vertebrate physiology, systematics, ecology, and zoogeography of freshwater and marine fishes, molecular genetics, reproductive physiology, evolutionary genetics.

生物科学系主要致力于生物学的教学与研究，其研究领域包括昆虫和脊椎动物分子生态学，历史生物地理学和种群遗传学，保护遗传学，甲壳类内分泌学，配子生理生化，脊椎动物生理学，淡水和海洋鱼类系统学、生态学、动物地理学，分子遗传学，生殖生理学等。

The embryological characters of Castanopsis and Castanea are very similar, thus offer embryological evidence to the sister group relationship previously proposed by molecular study on Fagaceae.

栲属和栗属的胚胎发育是最相似，为壳斗科分子系统学中栲属和栗属是姐妹群的结论提供了胚胎学证据。

It is designed to further the interchange of knowledge and ideas between specialists on different subjects, ranging from the sue of biochemical techniques in herpetological research to electron microscopy, from amphibian and reptilian genetics to the fossil history of the modern amphibians, including systematics and taxonomy as well as behaviour, physiology and ecology.

该杂志的目标是为了使从事不同研究的专家能够交换知识和想法，其内容涉及爬行类研究中从分子技术到电子显微结构水平、从两栖类遗传学到现代爬行类的化石研究的各个方面，同时包括爬行类的系统学、分类学，以及行为学、生理学和生态学等。

Three national academic societies, Chinese Society of Microbiology, the Mycological Society of China, and Chinese Society of Biotechnology, are affiliated to the institute.

目前研究所拥有微生物资源前期开发国家重点实验室、植物基因组学国家重点实验室（与遗传与发育生物学研究所共建）、中国科学院真菌、地衣系统学重点实验室和中国科学院病原微生物与免疫学重点实验室。

The proposed indices embody full information of plant systematics and plant geography.

这些指标充分地包含了植物系统学和植物区系学的信息。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。