系统学

Most importantly, our team are famous for much research on ecology, physiology,molecular phylogenesis of bats at home and abroad, we have gained much originative result in this field, and we firstly found and studied the third piscivorous bat, Myotis ricketti.We provide evidence that the species Myotis ricketti is piscivorous, and close negative relationships were found firstly within Rhinolophidae and Hipposideridae between call frequency and ear length. Some species of taxology status in rhinolophidae were studied by molecular phylogenesis; phylogenesis relationship between rhinolophidae and hipposideridae and different populations of miniopterus schreibersii were also studied; we also studied Social structure of Tylonycteris pachypusa and T. robustula and the isolating mechanisms of ecological niches.

在蝙蝠生态、生理、和分子系统进化领域完成了大量研究，奠定了本项目组在此领域中的国际地位，首次在国际上证实性发现并系统研究了世界上第3种食鱼蝙蝠--大足鼠耳蝠；首次提出菊头蝠科蝙蝠回声定位叫声频率与耳长负相关；利用分子系统学研究方法澄清菊头蝠科内一些种的分类地位，菊头蝠科和蹄蝠科的关系，以及普通长翼蝠种群间的系统进化关系；系统地研究了扁颅蝠属仅有两个姐妹种的社会组织结构和生态位分化。

Using the principle and methods of Cladistics to systematically study the comparative and evolutionary morphology of sawfly larvae of Hymenoptera; to reconstruct the phylogeny of sawflies and to probe on the co- evolution between sawflies and their host plants; further more to collect enemies of some important sawfly pests.

应用支序系统学原理和方法，系统深入地研究膜翅目叶蜂类幼期比较和进化形态学，推断和重建叶蜂系统演化关系，探讨叶蜂类昆虫与寄主植物之间协同进化关系，初步筛选重要叶蜂害虫的天敌昆虫。

System engineering, systematics and open complex giant systems are three step of...

系统工程、系统学、开放的复杂巨系统理论是钱学森系统思想的三步曲，同时他还对系统哲学做了长期的探索。

From viewpoint of systematology and complexity theory, the petroleum system is an open complex dynamic one.

摘要从系统学和复杂性科学上分析，含油气系统是一个开放的复杂动力系统。

And, we selected some representative species of Collembola and representative groups of Protura, Diplura, Insecta and Arustacean to sequence and analyze their 18S rRNA completely gene sequences, 28S rRNA D6-D7 domain and nearly completely gene sequences to make the studies about the phylogeny relationships of the main families and orders of Collembola, discuss the questions such as the reliability about the new four orders system to Collembola, the monophyletic and ordinal phylogenetic relationships of them and the situation of the special groups, the phylogenetic relationships about Collembola with other groups and the evolution of Hexapod.

同时选取弹尾纲的代表种类和原尾纲、双尾纲、昆虫纲、甲壳动物等节肢动物部分类群，进行了18S rRNA基因全序列和28S rRNA基因D6-D7区以及近全长序列的测定、分析，对弹尾纲重要科属的亲缘关系、进化地位进行分子系统学研究，讨论弹尾纲最新分类系统中四目的确定性、各目单系性、四目的系统关系、特殊类群的分类地位，以及弹尾纲和其它类群之间亲缘关系、六足动物进化等问题。

This phenomenon warrants further study. 4. Phylogeny study on Croomia and Stemona The relationship of the genus and the taxonomic placement of Stemonaceae The phylogenetic tree of matK, trnL-F, atpB-rbcL and ITS sequences data indicated that it was natural to place Stemona and Croomia in one family.

黄精叶钩吻属和百部属的分子系统学研究百部科属间关系和科的系统地位叶绿体DNA(matK、trnL-F和atpB-rbcL)及核DNA序列构建的系统树显示Stemona和Croomia形成稳定的单系类群，表明将这两个属放在同一个科是自然的，不支持将Croomia独立成科。

In order to further study the systematics and evolution of the family Hamamelidaceae, the five modern different classification systems of this family published by Harms (1930), Chang Hung-ta (1973,1979), Bogle et al.(1980), Endress (1989) and Li Jianhua (Li, 1997) are compared and discussed by the author based on the principle and method of study plant systematics.

为了进一步研究金缕梅科的系统与进化，作者详细介绍了该科的分类历史及各个分类系统；根据现代植物系统学研究的原理和方法，着重对金缕梅科的5个现代主要分类系统，Harms (1930)，张宏达(1973，1979)， Bogle et al。

This study provided some new evidences for the phylogenetic relationships of Rhopalocera butterflies and its subgroup Papilioninae through the primary and secondary structure analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequence, aiming at setting up a more scientific and reasonable systematics category for the butterflies, especially for those distributed in our country.

本研究通过对凤蝶亚科以及蝶类各主要类群的16S rRNA基因序列的一级和二级结构的系统学分析，旨在为蝶类的系统分类和系统演化研究提供一些分子佐证，为进一步建立一个更为科学的自然分类系统提供部分相关基础资料。

Based on the studies of specimens, taxonomic revision of the genus Kadsura Jussieu has been finished with special reference to seed morphology. Other information from phytomorphology, phytotomy, phytoembryology, phytocytotaxonomy, molecular systematics and phytochemistry etc.

本文主要根据对世界范围南五味子属Kadsura Jussieu植物标本的研究，结合种子形态方面的实验数据，参考植物形态学、植物解剖学、植物胚胎学、孢粉学、植物细胞分类学、分子系统学和植物化学等方面的资料，对世界性南五味子属植物作出全面的分类学修订。

The systematic history of this genus was reviewed worldwidely based on the classical taxonomy,comparative anatomy of the rhizomes and foliage leaves.micromorphology of the foliage leaves,embryology,phytotaxonomy,as well as the informationabout molecular systematics in recent years.

本文从经典的形态分类、叶片表皮微形态特征、胚胎学研究资料、地下茎比较解剖构造、化学分类证据以及最新的分子系统学研究成果等多方面全面地回顾了世界刚竹属系统分类研究的历史。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。