系统学

Phylogenetic analysis on Antarctic Chlamydomonas The unique biology properties of Antarctic algae come from the extreme environment of South Pole.

南极冰藻分子系统学研究严酷的极地环境造就了生活在这种极端海冰环境中的南极冰藻独特的生物学特性。

Moreover, the extended study has been conducted on several related families, including Magnoliaceae, a key family in angiosperm;Rhizophoraceae,Combretaceae,Lythraceae in mangroves, the important ecological plants.

以这一研究为基础，进一步开展了被子植物关键类群木兰科、重要经济生态植物红树林的主要类群红树科、使君子科、千屈菜科等类群的分子系统学与进化研究，获得了很有意义的结果。

Japonicus used in this experimentation is matemal inheritance.5 Sequence analysis of mitochondrial 16S rRNA and COI gene and molecular phylogeny of four species of sea cucumber500 bp 16S rRNA and 540 bp COI fragment were obtained by PCR method from mitochondrial DNA of four species of sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus, Holothuria fuscogilva, Cucumaria frondosa and Mensamaria intercedens. Variable sites, nucleotide diversity, average number of nucleotide differences and average number of nucleotide substitutions per site were calculated to analyze sequence difference, and phylogenetic trees were constructed by the NJ and ME method.

结果显示在来自这5组家系的100个后代中仅检测到母本的单倍型，刺参的线粒体遗传模式表现为典型的母系遗传。5 4种海参16S rRNA和COI基因片段序列比较及系统学研究采用PCR技术对山东荣成、长岛、俄罗斯和日本的刺参，黄乳海参，北大西洋瓜参，二色桌片参的16S rRNA和COI基因片段进行了扩增和测序，分别得到了长度约为500 bp和540 bp的片段。

In addition, since Prinsepia utilis has angulaperturate pollen grains in the early stage of pollen development and shars the same character with two taxa Geissois montana and Cunonia capensis under Cunoniaceae, the pollen morphological data supports the viewpoint that Rosaceae may have a systematic relationship with Cunoniaceae under Saxifragales.

此外，由于Prinsepia utilis的花粉在其发育初期具角萌发孔花粉，与Cunoniaceae下的两个类群Geissois montana和Cunonia capensis具有相同的特征，故花粉形态特征在一定程度上支持Rosaceae可能和虎耳草目中的Cunoniaceae有一定系统学联系的观点。

Phylogenetic relationships of Dothideales and its allies were investigated based on analyses of nrDNA 18S (44 sequences of 31 species belonging to 20 genera) and 28S (41 sequences of 33 species belonging to 18 genera) partial sequences.

摘 要：本研究对座囊菌纲部分类群的18S和28S nrDNA部分序列片段进行分析，探讨它们属间的系统学关系。

Phylogenetic relationships of Dothideales and its allies were investigated based on analyses of nrDNA 18S (44 sequences of 31 species belonging to 20 genera) and 28S (41 sequences of 33 species belonging to 18 genera) partial sequences.

本研究对座囊菌纲部分类群的18S和28S nrDNA部分序列片段进行分析，探讨它们属间的系统学关系。

Phylogenetic analysis using these sequences and published data in either separate or combined datasets indicate unstable relationship among the woolly mammoth and the two living elephants, Elephas and Loxodonta. we suggest that a high intra-specific diversity existed in Mammuthus primigenius.

结合基因库中所有的已经发表的猛犸象序列进行了分子系统学研究表明猛犸象与现存的亚洲象和非洲象谱系关系不稳定，提出了猛犸象可能具有较高的种内遗传分异性的观点。

The StY-genome Elymus species, being one of the most important genomic combinations, are restricted to Asia with one exception of E.

这表明亚洲披碱草属植物的系统学研究将有助于了解整个披碱草属植物的演化关系。

In conclusion, Based on Leaf abaxial epidermis, Caryopsis morphology, Silica body, Molecular phylogeny, the present tresults differ from the tradtional study indicate that Perotis, Tragus and Zoysia are immerged into Chloridoideae the subfam. Eragrostis, the tresults of this thesis support the conclusion of Flora of China (Zhou T-Y et al, 2001) and the three genera is not independently treated as a tribe.

从叶表皮微形态、颖果和硅酸体形态以及分子系统学证据等方面来看，本文的研究结果与传统分类有所不同：结缕草属、锋芒草属、茅根属应放在虎尾草族，画眉草亚科，本文支持周太炎等(2001)《Flora of China》中的处理意见，取消结缕草族，将结缕草属、锋芒草属和茅根属做为虎尾草族的三个独立的属处理。

While sometimes,the study about Eriocaulaceae based on molecule didnt consistent with those of classical taxonomy.

但是关于谷精草科的分子系统学研究的结果往往与经典的形态学研究不一致。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。